3种类型核桃果实生长发育及坚果品质比较  

Comparison of Fruit Growth and Development and Nut Quality of Three Types of Walnut

作　　者：潘桂谈 吴涛 马婷 肖良俊 宁德鲁 蒙进芳[1] PAN Guitan;WU Tao;MA Ting;XIAO Liangjun;NING Delu;MENG Jinfang(Southwest Forestry University,Kunming Yunnan 650224,P.R.China;Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland,Kunming Yunnan 650201,P.R.China;Yunnan Technology Innovation Center of Woody Oil,Kunming Yunnan 650201,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学,云南昆明650224 [2]云南省林业和草原科学院,云南昆明650201 [3]云南省木本油料技术创新中心,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2024年第5期108-115,共8页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32160697);云南省种子种业联合实验室项目(202205AR070001-19);科技人才与平台计划(202405AK340006)。

摘　　要：为探究深纹核桃(JS)、普通核桃(JR)和杂交类型(ZJ)3种类型核桃的果实生长发育动态和坚果性状差异,丰富核桃资源评价基础资料,以云南省林业和草原科学院核桃种质资源圃内3种类型核桃为研究对象,通过定期观测和考种,运用相关性和主成分分析方法,比较其果实生长发育规律及坚果特征差异。结果显示:(1)3种类型核桃果实三径生长均呈“慢-快-慢”的S型曲线,JS和ZJ进入快速生长期较JR早7 d;JR的果形指数显著大于JS和ZJ(P<0.05)。(2)坚果表型性状上,JS均为扁圆形,ZJ以扁圆形为主,JR以圆形和椭圆形为主;刻纹和取仁难易度结果均为JS>ZJ>JR;综合11个数量性状看,ZJ更偏向于JS。(3)相关性分析表明,含油率与纵径、棱径和三径均值呈极显著正相关,蛋白含量与出仁率呈正相关关系,但不显著。(4)主成分分析将8个性状转化为3个主成分,累计贡献率为80.09%,综合得分前6名分别为:JS2、JR4、JS3、ZJ7、ZJ2、JR6,说明该6个核桃单株坚果性状表现优良。In order to explore the fruit growth and development dynamics and nut traits differences of three types of walnut(JS),common walnut(JR)and hybrid(ZJ),and enrich the basic data of walnut resource evaluation,this study took three types of walnut in the walnut germplasm resource nursery of Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland Sciences as the research object,and compared the fruit growth and development rules and nut characteristics differences by correlation and principal component analysis methods through regular observation and seed examination,and the results showed that:(1)The three-diameter growth of the three types of walnut fruits was slow-fast-slow S-shaped curve,JS and ZJ entered the fast growth period 7 days earlier than JR.The fruit shape index of JR was significantly higher than that of JS and ZJ(P<0.05).(2)In terms of phenotypic traits of nuts,JS was oblate and round,ZJ was mainly oblate and oval,and JR was mainly round and oval,and the results of engraving and kernel extraction difficulty were JS>ZJ>JR;Based on the 11 quantitative traits,ZJ is more biased towards JS.(3)Correlation analysis showed that the oil content was positively correlated with the mean values of longitudinal diameter,prism diameter and three diameters,and the protein content was positively correlated with the kernel yield,but not significantly.(4)Principal component analysis transformed 8 traits into 3 principal components,with a cumulative contribution rate of 80.09%,and the top six comprehensive scores were:JS2,JR4,JS3,ZJ7,ZJ2 and JR6,indicating that the nut traits of the six walnuts performed well per plant.

关 键 词：核桃 果实发育动态 坚果品质 综合评价 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]