西藏东南部云杉的蒸腾耗水规律研究  

Transpiration and Water Consumption of Picea asperata in Southeast of Xizang

作　　者：李艳[1] 尤勇刚 韩立鹤[1] 赵留辉[1] LI Yan;YOU Yonggang;HAN Lihe;ZHAO Liuhui(China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co.,Xi’an Shanxi 710043,P.R.China;School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司,陕西西安710043 [2]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2024年第5期123-129,139,共8页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目[院科20-25]。

摘　　要：为了解不同胸径云杉的蒸腾耗水规律,在西藏东南波密县云杉森林设置3个100 m×100 m样地,采用SFM1流体流量传感器,通过热比率法对西藏东南部不同胸径云杉树干液流速率进行监测。同时,利用美国ClimaVUE 50气象站对云杉群落生境的气象因子进行监测。在日尺度和季节尺度上,分析不同胸径云杉的液流速率与气象因子的动态变化规律,以及每小时液流速率与气象因子的相关性。结果显示:(1)不同胸径云杉树干液流速率均表现出典型的昼高夜低的单峰型日变化特征,且不同月份的平均树干液流速率不同,云杉瞬间最大液流速率分别为207.34 cm·h^(-1)(胸径10~20 cm, 7月3日,184 d)、207.84 cm·h^(-1)(胸径20~30 cm, 5月29日,149 d)、286.18 cm·h^(-1)(胸径30~40 cm, 7月8日,189 d)。(2)影响云杉森林林分蒸腾的主要气象因子为VPD(饱和水汽压差)、太阳辐射、风速和降雨。(3)在生长季,不同胸径云杉蒸腾耗水量变化均呈“先增加后减少”的趋势。同时胸径10~20 cm的云杉月耗水量最小出现在2月份(约为0.17 m^(3)),最大出现在7月份(约为0.47 m^(3));胸径20~30 cm的云杉月耗水量最小出现在12月份(约为0.62 m^(3)),最大出现在5月份(约为1.61m^(3));胸径30~40 cm的云杉月耗水量最小出现在1月份(约为1.35 m^(3)),最大出现在7月份(约为3.87 m^(3))。In order to understand the water consumption,sensitivity and adaptation mechanism of alpine forests,and correctly understand the transpiration and water consumption of Picea asperata with different DBH,three 100 m×100 m sample fields were set up in Bomi County,southeast of Xizang,using SFM1 fluid flow sensor(ICT International,Armidale,NSW).P.asperata of different ages in southeast Xizang was monitored by heat ratio method.At the same time,meteorological factors of P.asperata community habitat were monitored by ClimaVUE 50 weather station in the United States.The dynamic changes of SAP flow at different DBH and the correlation between SAP flow rate and meteorological factors were analyzed on the daily scale and seasonal scale.The results show that:(1)The SAP flow rate of spruce with different DBH showed a typical single-peak diurnal variation of day high and night low,and the average SAP flow rate was different in different months.The instantaneous maximum SAP flow rate of spruce was 207.34 cm·h^(-1)(10-20 cm DBH,July 3,2011,184 days),207.84 cm·h^(-1)(20-30 cm DBH,May 29,149 days),286.18 cm·h^(-1)(30-40 cm DBH,July 8,189 days);(2)The main meteorological factors affecting the transpiration of spruce forest were VPD,solar radiation,wind speed and rainfall.(3)The transpiration water consumption of P.asperata showed a trend of“first increase and then decrease”during the whole growth cycle.Meanwhile,the monthly water consumption of P.asperata(10-20 cm DBH)was the lowest in February(about 0.17 m^(3))and the highest in July(about 0.47 m^(3)).The monthly water consumption of spruce(20-30 cm DBH)was the smallest in December(about 0.62 m^(3))and the largest in May(about 1.61 m^(3)).The monthly water consumption of P.asperata(30-40 cm DBH)was the smallest in January(about 1.35 m^(3))and the largest in July(about 3.87 m^(3)).

关 键 词：液流速率 蒸腾耗水量 气象因子 藏东南 云杉 

分 类 号：S715[农业科学—林学] S791.18