马克思公正观的唯物辩证法再审视——基于《哥达纲领批判》的分析  

Re-examination of Materialist Dialectics of Marx's View of Justice——An Analysis Based on Critique of the Gotha Programme

作　　者：廖小明 袁帅 LIAO Xiaomingg;YUAN Shuai

机构地区：[1]中共四川省委党校交(四川行政学院)马克思主义学院

出　　处：《马克思主义哲学》2024年第5期91-101,F0003,共12页Marxist Philosophy

摘　　要：马克思公正观的旨趣内在于唯物史观和辩证法的内核之中,其内容并非静态的所谓的永恒道德原则,而是唯物史观范畴中基于社会经济条件变化提出的价值追求。审读马克思公正观需要以唯物辩证法为重要方法论原则,探讨其内涵旨趣和实践意义。以《哥达纲领批判》为例,马克思通过批判资产阶级和小资产阶级的分配正义观,进而提出按劳分配和按需分配的概念,在对立统一的辩证关系中表达无产阶级的公正主张,指明了公正观念是历史的产物,随着历史的发展而演变,形成于现实性和超越性的辩证统一运动中。本质上看,这实现了对西方公正观的批判和对传统公正观的扬弃。当今时代,坚持马克思公正观的指导,需要坚持唯物辩证法,以观念更新适应历史的决定性,又同时引领历史发展。The essence of Marx's view of justice is inherently rooted in the core of historical materialism and dialectics.Rather than being a static,eternal moral principle,it reflects a dynamic pursuit of values shaped by evolving socio-economic conditions within the framework of historical materialism.Inspecting Marx's view of justice requires employing materialist dialectics as an important methodological principle and explore its connotation and practical significance.Taking Critique of the Gotha Program as an example,Marx challenged the distributive justice views of the bourgeoisie and petty bourgeoisie,proposing instead the concepts of distribution according to work and according to need,and expressed the proletarian's just proposition in the dialectical relationship of unity of opposites,pointing out that the concept of justice is the product of history,which evolved with the development of history and formed in the dialectical unity movement of reality and transcendence.Ultimately,this accomplishes a critique of Western views of justice and a sublation of traditional views of justice.In the contemporary era,adhering to the guidance of Marx's view of justice requires adhering to materialist dialectics,adapting to the decisiveness of history with the renewal of ideas,and at the same time leading historical development.

关 键 词：马克思公正观 唯物史观 唯物辩证法 《哥达纲领批判》 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]