对马尔库塞“单向度”批判的批判  

A Critique of Marcuse's Critique of“One Dimensional”

作　　者：李俊文 张乙 LI Junwen;ZHANG Yi

机构地区：[1]不详

出　　处：《马克思主义哲学》2024年第5期129-138,F0003,共11页Marxist Philosophy

基　　金：中国社会科学院研究所创新工程A类项目“中国马克思主义哲学研究”(项目编号:2020ZXSCXA01);国家社科基金社科学术社团课题研究类项目“建党百年与中国马克思主义哲学的发展”(项目编号:21STA010)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在西方马克思主义“反启蒙”思潮影响下,马尔库塞将现代资本主义社会机制理解为,其凭借科学技术与工具理性将其内部的否定性因素转译为合理性表述,进而完成了对社会成员的全面控制,使社会处于封闭的异化状态。这种状态抑制了社会变革发生的可能,使得社会成员长期处于虚假幸福的单向度图景之中。同时这种物质的状态使得以往批判理论失效了。马尔库塞从转译的角度阐明社会批判理论超越单向度的现实困境,寻求现代资本主义社会变革的新方案。然而,马尔库塞的这种认识本质上违背了唯物史观的方向。他以批判理论对社会现状的主观判断为基础,将人只视为社会历史的被动质料,最终重复了青年黑格尔派的错误。因此,基于唯物史观对马尔库塞“单向度”批判理论的审视与批判不能停顿。Under the influence of Western Marxism's"anti-Enlightenment"trend,Marcuse understands the social mechanism of modern capitalism as a closed state of alienation,in which science,technology and instrumental rationality translate its internal negatives into rational expressions,thus accomplishing a total control over the members of society.This state of affairs inhibits the possibility of social change and perpetuates a one-dimensional picture of false happiness for the members of society.At the same time,this state of matter invalidates previous critical theories.From the perspective of translation,Marcuse elucidates that social critical theory transcends one-dimensional realities,seeking new solutions of social change in modern capitalism.However,Marcuse's understanding essentially reverses and contradicts the direction of historical materialism.Based on the theory's subjective judgment of the social status quo,he regards human beings only as the passive material of social history,and ultimately repeats the mistakes of the Young Hegelian School.The examination and criticism of Marcuse's critical theory of"One Dimensional"based on historical materialism has never stopped.

关 键 词：马尔库塞 单向度 社会批判理论 唯物史观 

分 类 号：B089.1[哲学宗教—哲学理论]