天然胶乳薄膜与木棉纤维/聚酯纤维非织造布吸声复合材料的制备与性能研究  

Preparation and Properties of Natural Rubber Latex Film and Kapok Fiber/Polyester Fiber Nonwoven Fabric Sound-absorbing Composites

作　　者：朱严瑾 田芳蕊 阮林光 肖毓秀 徐永元 胡敏 李敏 邓秋阳 张荣华 ZHU Yanjin;TIAN Fangrui;RUAN Linguang;XIAO Yuxiu;XU Yongyuan;HU Min;LI Min;DENG Qiuyang;ZHANG Ronghua(Yunnan Natural Rubber Industry Group Co.,Ltd,Natural Rubber Processing Engineering&Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province,Kunming 650216,China;Wuhan Textile University,Wuhan 430073,China;Jiangxi Guangyuan Chemical Co.,Ltd,Ji’an 331500,China;Natural Rubber and Coffee Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Station of Yunnan Province,Kunming 650215,China)

机构地区：[1]云南天然橡胶产业集团有限公司云南省天然橡胶加工工程技术研究中心,云南昆明650216 [2]武汉纺织大学纺织科学与工程学院,湖北武汉430073 [3]江西广源化工有限责任公司,江西吉安331500 [4]云南省天然橡胶及咖啡产品质量监督检验站,云南昆明650215

出　　处：《橡胶工业》2024年第11期803-810,共8页China Rubber Industry

基　　金：云南省科技人才与平台计划项目(202305AD160043);湖北省科技厅科技计划项目(2021BLB253)。

摘　　要：天然胶乳薄膜具有独特的粘弹性和阻尼特性,木棉纤维具有大中空的独特结构,两者均可作为吸声材料基材。通过将木棉纤维与中空聚酯纤维混合后采用针刺加固工艺制成非织造布,然后直接与天然胶乳薄膜复合,制备天然胶乳薄膜与木棉纤维/聚酯纤维非织造布吸声复合材料,研究天然胶乳薄膜层数、复合材料面密度、木棉纤维/聚酯纤维质量比、复合材料孔径等对复合材料吸声性能的影响并分析复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:在天然胶乳薄膜层数为2、复合材料面密度为1215.72 g·m^(-2)、木棉纤维/聚酯纤维质量比为6/4、复合材料孔径为109.5μm时,天然胶乳薄膜与木棉纤维/聚酯纤维非织造布吸声复合材料的综合性能最优,最大吸声系数可达到0.8;与天然胶乳薄膜复合可弥补木棉纤维/聚酯纤维非织造布在低频率区域吸声效果的不足,有效拓宽复合材料的吸声频带,拓展其应用领域。Natural rubber latex film has unique viscoelastic and damping properties,while kapok fiber has a unique structure with large hollow spaces,both of which can be used as sound absorbing material substrates.By mixing kapok fiber with hollow polyester fiber and using acupuncture reinforcement technology to prepare a nonwoven fabric,which was then directly combined with a natural latex film,the natural latex film and kapok fiber/polyester fiber nonwoven fabric sound-absorbing composites were prepared.The effects of the number of natural rubber latex film layers,the surface densities of the composites,the mass ratio of kapok fiber to polyester fiber and the pore sizes of the composites on the sound absorption properties of the composites were studied,and the mechanical properties of the composites were analyzed.The results showed that,the comprehensive performance of the natural rubber latex film and kapok fiber/polyester fiber nonwoven fabric sound-absorbing composites was the best and the maximum sound absorption coefficient reached 0.8 under the conditions of 2 layers of natural rubber latex film,1215.72 g·m^(-2)of surface density of the composite,6/4 of mass ratio of kapok fiber to polyester fiber and 109.5μm of pore size of the composite.The compounding with natural rubber latex film could make up for the insufficient sound absorption effect of the kapok fiber/polyester fiber nonwoven fabric in low frequency area,effectively broaden the sound absorption bandwidths of the composites,and expanded their application fields.

关 键 词：天然胶乳薄膜 木棉纤维 聚酯纤维 非织造布 复合材料 吸声性能 力学性能 

分 类 号：TQ336.8[化学工程—橡胶工业]