国际投资协定中数据保护的路径研究——以“Einarsson v.Canada”案为视角  

Research on the Path of Data Protection in International Investment Agreements--From the Perspective of Case“Einarsson v.Canada”

作　　者：王梦颖 Wang Mengying

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院

出　　处：《国际经济法学刊》2024年第3期47-63,共17页Journal of International Economic Law

摘　　要：“Einarsson v.Canada”是首次涉及数据投资争端的仲裁案件,虽然该案尚未公开任何裁决,却为投资者今后依据国际投资协定及其仲裁机制寻求数据保护提供了新路径。传统国际投资协定并未包含与数据有关的规则,但根据宽泛的投资定义以及仲裁庭的扩大解释倾向,基本都能将数据认定为国际投资协定保护的适格投资。如果东道国颁布了数据规制措施,投资者就可以利用国际投资协定规定的公平与公正待遇、征收及履行要求等条款,以其数据投资利益受损为由将东道国诉至国际仲裁。对于中国而言,需尽早完成数字经济时代下国际投资协定的转型,为中国投资者的合法数据投资提供保护,同时也为中国采取正当数据规制权提供支持。The case of Einarsson v.Canada is the first time that international investment arbitration involves data investment disputes.Although no award has been made public in this case,it provides a new way for investors to seek data protection based on international investment agreements and their the investor-state dispute settlement mechanisms in the future.Traditional international investment agreements do not contain rules related to data,but based on the broad definition of investment and the expanded interpretation of the arbitral tribunal,data can generally be identified as qualified investment protected by international investment agreements.If the host state enacts legislation or policies to regulate data,investors can bring the host state to international arbitration on the grounds that their investment has been damaged,based on provisions such as fair and equitable treatment,expropriation and performance requirements stipulated in international investment agreements.For China,it is necessary to complete the transformation of international investment agreements in the digital economy era as soon as possible to provide protection for the legitimate data investments of Chinese investors,while also providing support for China to exercise legitimate data regulatory powers.

关 键 词：数据 国际投资协定 国际投资仲裁 适格投资 投资待遇 

分 类 号：D996.4[政治法律—经济法学]