英美法中安全港责任规则在流行病背景下的适用——兼论对中国法的启示  

Application of Safe Port Responsibility Rules under the Context of Epidemics in Common Law--and Implications for Chinese Law

作　　者：董冰莹 刘墨馨 Dong Bingyingg;Liu Moxin

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学 [2]西南政法大学国际法学院

出　　处：《国际经济法学刊》2024年第3期120-139,共20页Journal of International Economic Law

摘　　要：本文通过对流行病的相关特点及其对安全港条款履行的影响进行梳理,厘清了流行病对传统安全港责任规则适用提出的挑战。继而以英美法的理论和实践为基础,结合流行病的特点,针对流行病背景下安全港责任认定的困境,对流行病背景下认定承租人违反安全港义务提出方案;并且,就流行病背景下承租人违反安全港义务时出租人寻求救济面临的挑战以及承租人主张抗辩面临的挑战进行针对性的分析和解决,以引导出租人和承租人减少纠纷,同时为实践中解决流行病背景下发生的相关纠纷提供方案。在此基础上对我国立法和司法实践提出建议,包括借鉴英美法强化释法说理,完善对安全港责任认定和法律后果的规定。This study clarifies the challenges posed by epidemics to the application of traditional safe port responsibilities rules by analyzing the characteristics of epidemics and their impact on the performance of safe port clauses.Then,based on the theories and practices of the Common Law,combined with the characteristics of epidemics,it proposes solutions for determining the charterers'violation of the safe port obligation in the context of epidemics in view of the dilemma of identifying the safe port responsibilities in the context of epidemics;moreover,it provides a targeted analysis and solutions for the challenges faced by owners seeking remedies when charterers breach their safe port obligations in the context of epidemics,as well as the challenges faced by charterers asserting defenses,aiming to guide owners and charterers in reducing disputes and providing practical solutions for resolving related disputes arising from epidemics.Based on this,suggestions are put forward for China's legislation and judicial practices,including drawing insights from the Common Law to enhance legal reasoning,as well as improving the regulations on determining safe port responsibility and legal consequences.

关 键 词：安全港 流行病 责任认定 权利救济 抗辩事由 

分 类 号：D912.29[政治法律—民商法学] D996.19[政治法律—经济法学] D922.294[政治法律—法学]