文化与人群语境下的史前技术研究——技术选择理论及其在考古学中的应用  

Study of Prehistoric Technology in the Context of Culture and Population:Technical Choice Theory and its Application in Archaeology

作　　者：范宗祥 Fan Zongxiang

机构地区：[1]北京大学考古文博学院,北京市100871

出　　处：《考古学集刊》2024年第1期79-97,共19页Archaeological Collectanea

摘　　要：技术选择理论认为制造器物的技术一方面直接构建了物质文化的面貌,另一方面又是基于社会文化背景作出选择的结果,因此技术特征是区分社会群体、识别文化差异的有效指标。技术选择理论强调,技术活动并非单纯受环境与资源条件约束,工匠始终拥有选择何种技术的主动权,并基于自身社群的文化传统作出了最终选择,因而技术系统一旦形成便根植于社会传统当中,成为标识社群的一项“符号”。该理论的核心方法是器物操作链的比较研究,利用技术系统阐释文化、人群的差异与变迁。对于中国史前考古关注的物质遗存与文化共同体的对应问题,技术选择理论能够提供类型学、风格学以外的新视角。The technical choice theory argues that the technology used in artifact production not only directly shapes the material culture but also reflects choices made within the socio-cultural context.Technological characteristics serve as effective indicators for distinguishing social groups and identifying cultural diferences.This theory emphasizes that technological activities are not solely constrained by environmental and resource conditions;craftsmen always retain the agency to choose which technology to employ,based on their own cultural traditions within the community.Consequently,once a technological system is established,it becomes deeply rooted in social tradition,becoming a"symbol"that identifies the community.The core methodology of this theory lies in the comparative study of artifact chaine operatoire,utilizing technological systems to interpret cultural differences and changes within social groups.For addressing the correspondence between material remains and cultural communities in Chinese prehistoric archaeology,the technical choice theory offers a new perspective beyond typology and stylistic analysis.

关 键 词：技术选择理论 操作链 史前技术 史前考古 

分 类 号：K854[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]