控灌施肥对寒地粳稻生长及产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Controlled Irrigation and Fertilization on Growth,Yield and Quality of Japonica Rice in Cold Region

作　　者：李洪亮[1] 孙玉友[1] 魏才强[1] 刘丹 解忠[1] 程杜娟[1] 曲金玲[1] 宋泽 孟祥海[1] 赵云彤[1] 时新瑞[1] Li Hongliang;Sun Yuyou;Wei Caiqiang;Liu Dan;Xie Zhong;Cheng Dujuan;Qu Jinling;Song Ze;Meng Xianghai;Zhao Yuntong;Shi Xinrui(Mudanjiang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Mudanjiang 157041,Heilongjiang,China;College of Biology and Agriculture,Zunyi Normal University,Zunyi 563006,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院,黑龙江牡丹江157041 [2]遵义师范学院生物与农业科技学院,贵州遵义563006

出　　处：《作物杂志》2024年第5期152-158,共7页Crops

基　　金：黑龙江省重点研发计划(GA21B002);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-60)。

摘　　要：以黑龙江省主栽粳稻品种绥粳18为试验材料,通过精确控灌,明确了寒地粳稻不同生育期氮肥施用量及施用比例对水稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明,在W1(7.5×10^(3) m^(3)/hm^(2))和W2(6.0×10^(3) m^(3)/hm^(2))2种灌溉方式下,不同氮肥施用量及施用比例对水稻叶片相对叶绿素含量、植株干物质重、产量及稻米品质的影响不同。当氮肥施用量为140 kg/hm^(2),基、蘖、穗、粒肥施用比例为4:3:2:1时,水稻最终干物质重最大且产量最高,W1和W2灌溉方式下产量分别为9675.9和9722.2 kg/hm^(2),食味评分分别达到了83和85。本研究表明,在节水灌溉模式(6.0×10^(3) m^(3)/hm^(2))下,调控氮肥施用总量及施用比例,是使水稻获得高产和有效改善稻米品质的有效措施,同时应充分考虑施氮量和施肥比例对水稻产量以及灌溉方式和施氮量对水稻品质存在的互作效应。Suijing 18,the main japonica rice variety in Heilongjiang,was used as experimental material.The effects of nitrogen application rate and proportion on yield and quality of japonica rice in cold region at different growth stages were studied by precise irrigation control.The results showed that the effects of nitrogen application rate and proportion on relative chlorophyll content,dry matter weight,yield and rice quality were different under W1 and W2 irrigation modes.When the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer was 140 kg/ha,and the application ratio of basal,tiller,spike and grain fertilizer was 4:3:2:1,the final dry matter weight of rice was the largest and the yield was the highest.The yield of rice under W1 and W2 irrigation modes were 9675.9 and 9722.2 kg/ha,respectively,and the taste score was 83 and 85,respectively.The results showed that regulating the total amount and proportion of nitrogen application was an effective measure to improve rice yield and quality under water-saving irrigation(6.0×10^(3)m^(3)/ha).At the same time,the interaction effects of nitrogen application rate and fertilizer ratio on rice yield,irrigation mode and nitrogen application rate on rice quality should be fully considered.

关 键 词：控灌 氮肥 粳稻 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]