小麦高低畦栽培模式对病虫草害发生的影响  

Effects of Wheat High-Low Border Cultivation Pattern on the Occurrence of Diseases,Pests and Weeds

作　　者：张路生 常慧红 张宇帆 韩小伟 张保帅 王小梦 王子强 田雪慧 Zhang Lusheng;Chang Huihong;Zhang Yufan;Han Xiaowei;Zhang Baoshuai;Wang Xiaomeng;Wang Ziqiang;Tian Xuehui(Binzhou Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Binzhou 256600,Shandong,China;College of Plant Protection,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271018,Shandong,China;Binzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Binzhou 256600,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]滨州市农业技术推广中心,山东滨州256600 [2]山东农业大学植物保护学院,山东泰安271018 [3]滨州市农业科学院,山东滨州256600

出　　处：《作物杂志》2024年第5期235-240,共6页Crops

摘　　要：为探究高低畦栽培模式对小麦病虫草害的影响,设置2种栽培模式(小畦平作:SFB;高低畦:HLB),研究不同栽培模式下小麦田病虫草害发生情况。结果表明,与小畦平作相比,高低畦处理下杂草为害明显减轻,数量降低22.26%~27.87%,鲜重降低50.06%~66.94%。不同栽培模式对小麦蚜虫、红蜘蛛和麦叶蜂的发生均有显著影响,高低畦处理红蜘蛛发生数量较小畦平作处理降低4.65%~28.81%,而蚜虫和麦叶蜂发生数量均有不同程度提高。高低畦模式下小麦纹枯病、白粉病和茎基腐病病株(叶)率和病情指数均有所降低。因此,该模式在黄淮海井灌区具有广阔的应用前景,该模式下应重点防治小麦白粉病、小麦蚜虫、麦叶蜂等病虫害,也需加强对其他病虫害的监测。In order to investigate the effects of different cultivation patterns on wheat diseases,pests and weeds,we set two cultivation patterns(small-flat border cultivation pattern:SFB;high-low border cultivation pattern:HLB)to investigate the occurrence of diseases,pests and weeds under different patterns.The results showed that compared with SFB,the weeds damage of HLB was significantly reduced,the number of weeds was reduced by 22.26%-27.87%,and the fresh weight was reduced by 50.06%-66.94%.Different cultivation patterns had significant effects on the occurrence of wheat aphids,red spiders and wheat sawfly,compared with SFB,the number of red spiders under HLB decreased by 4.65%-28.81%,while the number of aphids and wheat sawfly increased in different degrees.The infection percentage and disease index of wheat sheath blight,wheat powdery mildew and wheat crown rot under HLB were lower than those under SFB.Therefore,HLB pattern has broad application prospects in the well-irrigated areas of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.Under this pattern,the key attentions should be paid to preventing and controlling diseases and pests such as wheat powdery mildew,wheat aphids,and wheat sawflies,and the monitoring of other diseases and pests also needs to be strengthed.

关 键 词：小麦 高低畦 栽培模式 病虫草害 

分 类 号：S435.12[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]