移民网络、同乡效应与预期工资——基于我国城市家政市场的研究  

Migration Networks,Peer Effects and Expected Wages:Evidence from China's Urban Nanny Markets

作　　者：何晓波 肖芳 He Xiaobo;Xiao Fang

机构地区：[1]上海对外经贸大学国际经贸学院 [2]郴州市重点建设项目事务中心

出　　处：《应用经济学评论》2024年第3期104-126,共23页THE APPLIED ECONOMICS REVIEW

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“互联网时代的零工经济就业新趋势研究:供需关系、空间分布与流动状况”(22YJC790040)资助。

摘　　要：本文使用2014—2018年中国流动人口动态监测调查(CMDS)数据和某大型家政网站2015—2019年14个城市的从业人员信息,采用双向固定效应模型和工具变量法实证研究了移民网络对迁移劳动力预期工资影响的大小及其随时间的变化程度。通过分离需求和供给渠道的不同影响以及异质性分析。本文发现:(1)从总体看,与家政服务行业从业者来自同一省份的迁移劳动力越多,家政从业者的预期月工资越高。(2)移民网络对家政从业人员工资影响的渠道有需求和供给两个方面。来自同一省份的非家政服务行业从业人员越多,对家政的需求越高,从业人员的预期工资也越高;来自同一省份的家政服务行业从业人员越多,家政行业的供给越多,行业内部竞争性越强,从业人员预期工资越低。(3)从时间维度上看,随着时间的推移,迁移劳动力的规模大小对家政行业从业人员预期工资的影响越来越小。(4)这种影响在年龄为30~55岁、有工作经验且工作经验在5年以下的低技能劳动力群体中最为显著。This paper empirically studies the impact of migration networks on the expected wages of migrant labor,using data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS)from 2014 to 2018 and information on employees in 14 cities from 2015 to 2019 on a large domestic service website,and applying a two-way fixed effects model and instrumental variable method.By separating the different impacts of demand and supply channels and analyzing heterogeneity,this paper makes the following findings.(1)Overall,the more migrant labor from the same province as domestic service industry practitioners,the higher the expected monthly salary of domestic service practitioners.(2)There are two channels through which the migration networks affect the wages of domestic workers:demand and supply.The more non-domestic-service-industry employees from the same province,the higher the demand for domestic services,and the higher the expected salary of employees.The more domestic-service-industry employees from the same province,the more supply in the domestic service industry;in that case,there is stronger competition within the industry,and a lower expected salary of employees.(3)From a temporal perspective,as time goes by,the size of the migrant labor force has a decreasing impact on the expected wages of employees in the domestic service industry.(4)This impact is most significant in the low-skilled labor group who are aged 30-55 with less than five years of work experience.

关 键 词：跨省迁移劳动力 预期工资 家政行业 

分 类 号：C924.2[社会学—人口学] F719.9F249.24