“斜视”与“远读”——论纳博科夫的“反复读者”  

“Looking Awry”and“Distant Reading”:On Vladimir Nabokov’s“Rereader”

作　　者：于雷 Yu Lei(Research Institute of Foreign Literature,Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学外国文学研究所

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2024年第5期45-56,共12页Foreign Literature Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“19世纪英美小说的媒介技术诗学研究”(22BWW072);北京外国语大学“卓越人才计划”资助项目。

摘　　要：纳博科夫在《文学讲稿》开篇处强调文学批评者务必成为一位“反复读者”,但这一基于审美直觉所形成的概念往往被想当然地理解为重复阅读作品,导致其实际的丰富内涵大打折扣。“反复读者”在纳博科夫那里不只是简单地重复阅读作品,而是借助多次重返文本去抵抗阅读进程中的遗忘机制,“使得读书变成看画”,将阅读所固有的线性时间进程压缩为非线性的二维空间结构。“反复读者”的认知规约预设了齐泽克式的“斜视”与莫莱蒂式的“远读”在阅读进程中的综合介入:前者着眼于考察文本画面的边缘地带对中心区域的微观渗透,而后者则进一步负责将边缘与中心之间的辩证关联还原至文本深层结构赖以产生的宏观机制。Right at the outset of his Lectures on Literature,Vladimir Nabokov stresses the importance of becoming a“rereader”in literary studies,but this concept,based more or less on Nabokov’s own aesthetic intuition,has always been misconstrued as a synonym for“repetitive reader,”hence over-simplifying its’otherwise rich connotation.A“rereader”for Nabokov is not merely one who repeatedly reads a text,but one who,by revisiting a text over and again,intends to resist the forgetting mechanism involved in the reading process so as to“behave towards a book as we do towards a painting,”thus transforming the immanent temporal linearity of the reading process into a non-linear two-dimensional spatial construct.The cognitive protocol of the“rereader”presupposes in the reading process a synthetic engagement of both theŽižekesque“looking awry”and the Morettiesque“distant reading,”with the former covering the microcosmic infiltration by the peripheral of the textual canvas into the central,and the latter the restoration of the periphery-centre dialectic to the macrocosmic system on which the in-depth textual structure has been grounded.

关 键 词：纳博科夫 “反复读者” “斜视” “远读” 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]