2023年重庆市渝中区某小学一起甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情的调查分析  

Investigation and analysis of an outbreak of influenza A(H1N1)in a primary school in Yuzhong District,Chongqing in 2023

作　　者：邵宇 李思杰[1] 陈磊[1] 罗昱玥 SHAO Yu;LI Sijie;CHEN Lei;LUO Yuyue(Yuzhong District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chongqing 400010,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市渝中区疾病预防控制中心,重庆400010

出　　处：《现代医药卫生》2024年第20期3542-3546,共5页Journal of Modern Medicine & Health

基　　金：重庆市卫生健康委员会科卫联合医学科研面上项目(2024MSXM068)。

摘　　要：目的调查分析重庆市渝中区某小学一起甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情的流行病学特征和影响因素,探索学校流感防控要点。方法根据《流感样病例暴发疫情处置指南(2018年版)》开展现场调查处置和资料收集,采用描述性流行病学方法分析疫情流行特征,寻找暴发原因。结果首发病例发病时间为2023年2月21日,该次疫情共持续37 d,累计报告流感样病例224例,全校学生罹患率为11.14%。疫情波及全校4个年级28个班级,不同教学楼、不同楼层、不同年级和班级学生的罹患率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),病例主要分布在厚德楼二楼(一年级),其中一(7)班学生罹患率最高(53.33%),楼层和班级分布存在一致性;未接种当季流感疫苗的学生罹患率明显高于接种过当季流感疫苗的学生,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=14.231,P<0.05),疫苗保护率为50.04%,效果指数为2.0。结论该次疫情为一起由甲型H1N1流感病毒引起的学校流感暴发疫情,提示改善卫生条件、综合控制措施和疫苗接种是学校流感防控的重点,建议学校师生特别是低年级学龄儿童及早完成当季流感疫苗的接种。Objective To investigate and analyze the epidemiological characteristics and and influencing factors of an influenza A(H1N1)outbreak in a primary school in Yuzhong District,Chongqing,and explore the key points of influenza prevention and control in schools.Methods According to the Guidelines for Outbreak Management of influenza-like Cases(2018 edition),on-site investigation,disposal and data collection were carried out,and descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics and find the causes of the outbreak.Results The onset of the first case was February 21,2023,and the outbreak lasted 37 days in total,a total of 224 influenza-like cases have been reported,and the incidence rate was 11.14%.The epidemic affected 28 classes of four grades in the school,and the incidence rate of students in different teaching buildings,floors,grades and classes had statistical significance(P<0.05),the cases were mainly distributed in the second floor of Houde Building(Grade 1),among which the highest incidence was found in Class 7 of Grade 1(53.33%),and the distribution of floors and classes was consistent;the infection rate of students who did not receive seasonal influenza vaccine was significantly higher than that of students who had received seasonal influenza vaccine,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=14.231,P<0.05),the vaccine protection rate was 50.04%,and the efficacy index was 2.0.Conclusion The outbreak was a school influenza outbreak caused by influenza A(H1N1)virus,suggested that improve hygiene conditions,comprehensive control measures and vaccination were the focus of school influenza prevention and control,and it was recommended that school teachers and students,especially children of lower school age should receive seasonal influenza vaccination as early as possible.

关 键 词：甲型H1N1 暴发 学校 调查分析 

分 类 号：R511.7[医药卫生—内科学]