不同种源红松生长性状和种实性状变异分析与评价选择  

Variation Analysis and Evaluation Selection of Growth and Seed Traits of Pinus koraiensis from Different Provenances

作　　者：尚福强 高源 马晓雨 张群野 李连强 冯健[2] SHANG Fuqiang;GAO Yuan;MA Xiaoyu;ZHANG Qunye;LI Lianqiang;FENG Jian(Liaoning Institute of Forest Management,Dandong Liaoning 118000,China;Liaoning Academy of Forestry Science,Shenyang 110000,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省森林经营研究所,辽宁丹东118000 [2]辽宁省林业科学研究院,沈阳110000

出　　处：《种子》2024年第10期74-84,共11页Seed

基　　金：辽宁省重点研发计划(2020JH2/10200020);辽宁省农业科学院学科绩效后补助项目(2023-HBZ-1010);辽宁省农业科学院院长基金项目(2024QN1817);辽宁省农业科学院学科绩效后补助项目(2024-HBZ-1110)。

摘　　要：本研究以29个16年生红松种源为材料,测定生长性状与种实性状,分析变异特征,综合评价和选择优良种源。结果表明,各性状在种源间的差异均达显著水平,且存在较为丰富的变异,表型变异系数范围为8.74%~38.04%,遗传力的范围为44.63%~99.16%,多数性状具有较高的表型变异系数和遗传力。生长性状间均表现为极显著正相关,多数种实性状呈显著正相关,生长性状与种实性状的相关性较弱。提取的5个主成分累积贡献率达90.17%。利用主成分分析法、隶属函数法和布雷金多性状综合评价法进行选择,24号和3号种源为入选的材用型优良种源,胸径、树高和材积的遗传增益分别为10.69%、12.91%和31.86%,现实增益分别为13.70%、14.67%和38.38%;25号和22号种源为入选的果用型优良种源,球果鲜重、千粒重、30粒种仁重的遗传增益分别为28.54%、25.01%和25.85%,现实增益分别为31.71%、25.26%和30.41%。所选优良种源的遗传增益较高,在林木遗传改良中可作为重点研究对象,为红松的良种选育、遗传改良和推广造林提供理论和材料基础,推进红松用材林和果用林的高质量发展。In this study,29 Pinus koraiensis provenances of 16 years old were used as materials to determine the growth and seed traits,analyze the variation characteristics,and comprehensively evaluate and select the excellent provenances.The results showed that all traits had significant differences among provenances,and there were abundant variations.The coefficient of phenotypic variation ranged from 8.74%to 38.04%,and the heritability ranged from 44.63%to 99.16%.Most traits had high coefficient of phenotypic variation and heritability.There was a significant positive correlation between the growth traits and most species traits,and the correlation between the growth traits and species traits was weak.The cumulative contribution rate of the five principal components was 90.17%.Principal component analysis method,membership function method and Breckin comprehensive evaluation method were used to select the seed sources,and No.24 and No.3 were selected as excellent wood type provenances.The genetic gains of DBH,tree height and volume were 10.69%,12.91%and 31.86%,respectively,and the practical gains were 13.70%,14.67%and 38.38%,respectively.Seed sources No.25 and No.22 were selected as excellent fruit type provenances.The genetic gains of fresh cone weight,thousand-grain weight and 30 kernel weight were 28.54%,25.01%and 25.85%,respectively,and the realistic gains were 31.71%,25.26%and 30.41%,respectively.The selected excellent provenances had higher genetic gain,and could be used as key research objects in the genetic improvement of forest trees,providing theoretical and material basis for the breeding of improved varieties,genetic improvement and extension of afforestation,and promoting the high-quality development of timber and fruit forests of Pinus koraiensis.

关 键 词：红松 种源 生长性状 种实性状 变异分析 评价选择 

分 类 号：S791.247[农业科学—林木遗传育种]