基于两端起爆的近地冲击波超压增益机制研究  

Enhancement mechanism study of detonation at both ends in near-ground field of shock wave based on different length-to-diameter ratios

作　　者：黄宁 吕中杰[1] 高晨宇 刘彦[1] HUANG Ning;LYU Zhongjie;GAO Chenyu;LIU Yan(State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验,北京100081

出　　处：《兵器装备工程学报》2024年第10期169-179,共11页Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering

摘　　要：两端起爆能够改变装药爆炸能量输出结构,增强装药爆炸近地冲击波超压威力。探明两端起爆对近地冲击波超压的增益机制,对提升装药能量利用效率具有指导作用。研究建立了大场域冲击波威力仿真模型,计算分析装药内部爆轰波叠加前后压力变化,研究两端起爆的近地冲击波威力场特征。在多种长径比工况下,观测冲击波威力场特征演化,解析装药两端起爆对近地超压威力场的增益机制。开展20 kg级不同长径比静爆试验,验证两端起爆对近地超压的增益机制。研究发现:两端起爆装药内两爆轰波相撞,形成了两道轴向反射波和一道径向强冲击波,冲击波威力场在二者影响下形成了双反射波系结构,相较一端起爆,双反射波系对近地冲击波超压有显著增益。仿真计算与试验结果表明,装药长径比3.5时,两端起爆对近地冲击波超压增益达到最优。Dual-end initiation can alter the explosive energy output structure of explosives,enhancing the near-ground shockwave overpressure.Figuring out the enhancement mechanism of dual-end initiation on the near-ground overpressure is instructive for improving the efficiency of charge energy utilization.A large-scale shockwave power simulation model is established to analyze the different period of the explosion in the research.The pressure changes before and after detonation wave collision is calculated and analyzed,and the characteristics of shockwave power field are examined.Under the conditions of various length-to-diameter ratios,the evolution of shockwave power field characteristics is observed,and the enhancement mechanism of dual-end initiation on the near-ground overpressure power field is analyzed.Static explosion tests are conducted with 20 kg charges of different length-to-diameter ratios to verify the enhancement mechanism of dual-end initiation on near-ground overpressure.The research reveals that in the explosives with dual-end initiation,two detonation waves collide,forming two axial reflected waves and one radial strong shockwave.The combination formed a double-layer reflected wave system structure within the shockwave power field.Compared to single-end initiation,the double-layer reflected wave system significantly increased the overpressure of the near-ground shockwave.Simulation and experiment results indicated that dual-end initiation achieved optimal enhancement on near-ground shockwave overpressure at the length-to-diameter ratio of 3.5.

关 键 词：近地爆炸 超压 两端起爆 爆轰波叠加 长径比 

分 类 号：O382.1[理学—流体力学]