一种内冷却刀具的设计与有限元分析  

Design and Finite Element Analysis of an Internal Cooling Tool

作　　者：张康智 王莹 李逸仙 ZHANG Kang-zhi;WANG Ying;LI Yi-xian(School of Mechanical Engineering,Xi′an Aerotechnical Institute,Xi′an 710077,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西安航空学院机械工程学院,陕西西安710077

出　　处：《机械研究与应用》2024年第5期57-60,共4页Mechanical Research & Application

基　　金：陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目:基于云理论的短碳纤维增强复合材料磨削表面质量量化表征(编号:21KJ0703);陕西省科技厅基金资助项目:表面结构对转动副系统摩擦学与动力学耦合性能的影响研究(编号:2023-JC-QN-0614);西安市科技计划项目:基于表面形貌仿真预测的7系铝合金高速侧铣参数多目标优化(编号:22GXFW0052)。

摘　　要：在机械加工时,车削温度对工件的表面加工质量和刀具的使用寿命具有重要影响。该文设计了一种具有高效内冷却性能的刀具,该刀具的刀片内部设有储液凹槽且在凹槽内安装菱形肋柱,可实现切削液对刀具的高效冷却,降低加工过程中刀具的切削温度。通过在转速600 r·min^(-1)、切深1.5 mm、工件直径90 mm、进给率0.3 mm·r^(-1)的实际加工工艺参数下的刀具各个切削力计算以及从切削加工的力学安全性出发的刀具结构强度分析得出,刀片在切削状态下,刀尖位置附近为应力最大处,最大等效应力可达到827.35 MPa。而刀片材料YT5的抗压屈服强度为4 GPa,远大于刀片在此切削状态下的最大应力值。故刀片内部的储液槽结构对刀片的结构强度没有太大的影响,能够满足刀片的切削强度要求。In machining,the turning temperature has an important influence on the surface quality of the workpiece and the service life of the tool.A tool with high-efficiency internal cooling capacity is designed in this article.The insert is provided with a fluid storage groove and a diamond-shaped rib is installed in the groove,which can realize the efficient cooling of the tool by the cutting fluid and reduce the cutting temperature of the tool during processing.Under the actual machining process parameters of rotation rate 600 r·min^(-1),cutting depth 1.5 mm,workpiece diameter 90 mm,and feed rate 0.3 mm·r^(-1),the cutting forces on the tool are calculated.Starting from the mechanical safety of the tool during cutting,the structural strength of the tool is analyzed.It is concluded that the maximum equivalent stress can reach 827.35 MPa when the blade is in cutting state,with the highest stress located near the tool tip position.The compressive yield strength of blade material YT5 is 4 GPa,which is much greater than the maximum stress value of the blade in this cutting state.Thus the internal storage tank structure of the blade has little effect on the structural strength of the blade,and it can meet the cutting strength requirements of blade.

关 键 词：内冷却 刀具 有限元分析 

分 类 号：TH122[机械工程—机械设计及理论]