茄衣中上部烟叶采收成熟度研究  

Study on maturity in the middle and upper part of wrapper

作　　者：刘海莹 茌馨文 刘刚[2] 杨春雷 孙光伟 余君 饶雄飞 丁广大[1] 徐芳森[1] 杨锦鹏 汪社亮 LIU Hai-ying;CHI Xin-wen;LIU Gang;YANG Chun-lei;SUN Guang-wei;YU Jun;RAO Xiong-fei;DING Guang-da;XU Fang-sen;YANG Jin-peng;WANG She-liang(College of Resources and Environment/Microelement Research Center,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Yichang Branch of Hubei Tobacco Company,Yichang 443000,Hubei,China;Hubei Academy of Tobacco Science,Wuhan 430030,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院/微量元素研究中心,武汉430070 [2]湖北省烟草公司宜昌市公司,湖北宜昌443000 [3]湖北省烟草科学研究院,武汉430030

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2024年第10期74-80,共7页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重大专项(110202101013(XJ-05))。

摘　　要：立足湖北省丹江口市气候特征,以楚雪26号(CX-026)为研究材料,对不同生长时期(移栽后59~101 d)采收的中、上部烟叶的农艺性状、内在生理指标进行分析,探寻烟草成熟的变化规律,从而明晰最佳采收时间。农艺性状结果分析表明,随着采收时间的延后,中部和上部烟叶逐渐变长变宽、身份变厚至恒定水平;叶色由青渐深,后出现黄褐斑纹;茎叶夹角增大、拉力减小,说明烟叶成熟度逐步提高。生理指标分析表明,色素指标(SPAD、叶绿素a等)、光合特性(净光合速率、气孔导度等)随着生长而下降,从而使烟叶叶片色度值(LAB)提高。熵权分析揭示了光合指标和色素指标在烟叶成熟度评估中的重要作用,二者不仅权重高,而且相关性显著,为烟叶成熟度判别提供关键参考。根据光合指标以及色素指标分析结果,中部叶在移栽后66~73 d,上部叶在移栽后87~94 d变化趋于稳定,说明可能在此时间进入成熟期,可以选择作为适宜的采收时间。Based on the climatic characteristics of Danjiangkou City,Hubei Province,chuxue 26(CX-026)was taken as the research material,the agronomic traits and internal physiological indexes of the middle and upper tobacco leaves harvested at different growth periods(59~101 d after transplanting)were analyzed,and the changing rules of tobacco maturity were explored to clarify the optimal harvesting time.The results of agronomic character analysis showed that with the delay of harvesting time,the middle and upper tobacco leaves gradually became longer and wider,and the identity became thicker to a constant level;the color of the leaves changed from green to dark,and then yellow-brown markings appeared;the angle between the stem and leaf increased,and the tensile force decreased,which indicated that the maturity of the leaves was gradually improved.The analysis of physiological indexes showed that the pigment indexes(SPAD,chlorophyll a,etc.)and photosynthetic characteristics(net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,etc.)decreased with the growth,which led to an increase in the color value of tobacco leaves(LAB).The entropy weight analysis revealed the important role of photosynthetic indexes and pigment indexes in the evaluation of tobacco maturity,which not only had high weight,but also had a significant correlation,providing a key reference for the identification of tobacco maturity.According to the analysis results of photosynthetic indexes and pigment indexes,the changes of the middle leaves tended to be stable at 66~73 days after transplanting,and the upper leaves tended to be stable at 87~94 days after transplanting,indicating that the maturity stage might be at this time,which could be selected as the appropriate time for harvesting.

关 键 词：烟叶 茄衣 成熟度 移栽时间 生理指标 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业] TS414[农业科学—作物学]