高等教育领域生成式人工智能应用的法律规制  

Study on the Legal Regulation of Generative Artificial Intelligence(GAI)Applications in Higher Education

作　　者：崔占洲 唐文君 王晨茜 章昕颖 王嘉仪 Cui Zhanzhou;Tang Wenjun;Wang Chenxi;Zhang Xinying;Wang Jiayi(School of Police Affairs,Shanghai University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201701;School of Law,Shanghai University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201701;School of Economic Law,Shanghai University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201701)

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院警务学院,上海201701 [2]上海政法学院法律学院,上海201701 [3]上海政法学院经济法学院,上海201701

出　　处：《中阿科技论坛（中英文）》2024年第11期149-157,共9页China-Arab States Science and Technology Forum

基　　金：“生成式人工智能”高等教育使用的法律规制研究(202211835004)。

摘　　要：生成式人工智能在高等教育领域应用引发了一系列的法律和伦理问题。在应然层面,现行生成式人工智能立法主要存在高等教育领域的法律规范不足,服务提供者和使用者义务不平衡,分级分类管理制度在高等教育领域落实不到位等问题。在实然层面,高等教育领域生成式人工智能应用主要存在数据安全风险、意识形态渗透、学术不端、学生自主学习能力和批判能力下降四大风险。基于此,文章认为,应加强顶层设计,规划立法事项和层级,采用专门立法模式和混合立法体例完善立法;构建数据安全保护体系和算法影响评价制度来规制数据安全风险;以技术赋能,构建“多方共治”的局面以抵制意识形态渗透;以技术治理、规范使用、严格审核、防范举措为主线治理学术不端;以构建数字教育伦理标准体系,培养学生的创新思维,进而提高学生的自主学习能力和批判能力。The application of GAI in higher education has raised a series of legal and ethical issues.At the level of necessity,there are issues such as inadequate legal norms,imbalanced obligations between service providers and users,and inadequate implementation of hierarchical and classified management systems.At the practical level,there are four major risks:data security risks,ideological infiltration,academic misconduct,and a decline in students'autonomous-learning and critical abilities.To address these issues,it's believed that top-level design should be strengthened,legislative matters and levels should be planned,and combination of specialized legislative models and mixed legislative models should be adopted to improve legislation;A data security system and an algorithm impact assessment system should be established to avoid data security risks;Technology should be used to empower and form“multi-party governance”to counteract ideological infiltration;Technical governance,standardized use,strict review,and preventive measures should be implemented to govern academic misconduct;A system of ethical standards for digital education should be in place to foster students'innovation awareness,and thereby enhance their autonomous-learning and critical abilities.

关 键 词：生成式人工智能 应然层面 实然层面 高等教育 法律规制 

分 类 号：D90-05[政治法律—法学理论]