人类活动干扰下内陆湿地脱氮效率及调控研究  

A Study on Denitrification Efficiency and Its Regulation in Inland Wetlands Disturbed by Human Activities

作　　者：吴锦龙 李俊臻 江鹏程 高靓文 吴明[2] 张龙[2] 焦盛武[2] 曹恺 李妞 WU Jin-long;LI Jun-zhen;JIANG Peng-cheng;GAO Jing-wen;WU Ming;ZHANG Long;JIAO Sheng-wu;CAO Kai;LI Niu(Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University,College of Forestry and Biotechnology,Hangzhou 311300,Zhejiang,China;Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Wetland Ecosystem Research Station of Hangzhou Bay,State Forestry Administration,Hangzhou 311400,Zhejiang,China;Ecological and Environmental Science and Research Institute of Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou 310012,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,浙江杭州311300 [2]浙江杭州湾湿地生态系统定位观测研究站,中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江杭州311400 [3]浙江省生态环境科学设计研究院,浙江杭州310012

出　　处：《湿地科学与管理》2024年第5期46-51,共6页Wetland Science & Management

基　　金：浙江省-中国林科院林业科技合作项目(2023SY11);浙江省基础公益项目(LQ23C030003);国家自然科学基金项目(31870597)。

摘　　要：内陆湿地通过反硝化和厌氧氨氧化过程在缓解流域面源氮负荷方面发挥着重要作用。为深入探究不同人类活动影响下湿地沉积物脱氮速率之间的差异,本研究采集嘉善县典型人类活动影响下的湖泊湿地表层柱状沉积物以及上覆水,利用^(15)N同位素示踪技术测定湿地沉积物反硝化以及厌氧氨氧化速率。结果表明:反硝化过程是嘉善县湖泊湿地脱氮的主要形式,对沉积物脱氮量的相对贡献率平均值为82.34%,厌氧氨氧化过程对脱氮的贡献率较小。反硝化和厌氧氨氧化速率在不同人类活动影响下差异显著,其中在居民住宅和农业种植区影响下的湿地沉积物反硝化速率最高,分别为(40.39±1.89)μmol/(Ng·h)和(35.26±2.99)μmol/(Ng·h),在水产养殖区影响下的湿地沉积物厌氧氨氧化速率为(5.67±0.57)μmol/(Ng·h),显著高于其他样点。水体的氨态氮、叶绿素a、硝态氮以及pH值是影响这些过程的主要环境因子。嘉善县湖泊湿地的脱氮速率受到人类活动的显著影响,未来在评估区域湿地生态系统服务功能时,应综合考虑不同人为活动干扰的影响。Inland wetlands play a crucial role in removing basin non-point nitrogen load through denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox).To investigate the effects of different human activities on denitrification rates of wetland sediments,we collected surface sediment cores and overlying water samples from typical lake wetlands influenced by human activities in Jiashan county,China,and measured the denitrification and anammox rates using~(15)N isotope tracer technique.Our results showed that denitrification was the dominant nitrogen removal pathway in Jiashan,accounting for an average of 82.34% of the total nitrogen removal,while anammox had a minor contribution.The denitrification and anammox rates varied significantly among wetlands affected by different human activities.The highest denitrification rates were observed in wetland sediments influenced by residential and agricultural activities,with mean values of(40.39±1.89) μmol/(Ng·h)and(35.26±2.99) μmol/(Ng·h),respectively.The anammox rate was significantly higher in wetland sediments influenced by aquaculture,with a mean value of(5.67±0.57) μmol/(Ng·h).The main environmental factors affecting these processes were NH4+-N,Chl.a,NO3--N and pH in the water.Overall,nitrogen removal efficiency in Jiashan County are significantly affected by human activities.In the future,when assessing the ecosystem service functions of regional wetlands,the impacts of various anthropogenic disturbances should be comprehensively taken into account.

关 键 词：脱氮能力 反硝化 厌氧氨氧化 湖泊湿地 人类活动 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]