浙江德清野化放归朱鹮活动区的鸟类多样性  

Bird Diversity in the Home Range of the Released Crested Ibis Nipponia nippon in Deqing,Zhejiang Province

作　　者：邱国强 姜家虎 徐向龙 邓适彦 张泽东 石坚 俞越 何丽花 丁长青[2] QIU Guo-qiang;JIANG Jia-hu;XU Xiang-long;DENG Shi-yan;ZHANG Ze-dong;SHI Jian;YU Yue;HE Li-hua;DING Chang-qing(Deqing County Ecological Forestry Comprehensive Service Center,Deqing 313200,Zhejiang,China;School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]德清县生态林业综合服务中心,浙江德清313200 [2]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京100083

出　　处：《湿地科学与管理》2024年第5期70-75,共6页Wetland Science & Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32270554);德清县生态林业综合服务中心朱鹮野外监测项目(ZJXRDQ-2023-JC72)。

摘　　要：为了解浙江德清野化放归朱鹮(Nipponia nippon)活动区的鸟类多样性及群落动态,探明朱鹮主要伴生鸟类及种间关系情况,本研究于2023年6月和2024年1月采用样线法和样点法开展德清朱鹮活动区鸟类资源调查。结果表明:共记录到鸟类155种,隶属于15目47科,其中,国家Ⅰ级保护野生动物2种,国家Ⅱ级保护野生动物14种,浙江省重点保护鸟类20种。古北界鸟类63种,东洋界鸟类53种,广布种39种;留鸟71种,旅鸟31种,冬候鸟30种,夏候鸟23种。夏季共记录到野生鸟类117种,共计3711只,优势种为白鹭(Egretta garzetta);冬季共记录到野生鸟类89种,共计3209只,优势种为白鹭和麻雀(Passer montanus)。6个调查区域中,溏泾村区域夏季与冬季的物种数与个体数量均为最高,灯塔村与联合村区域在夏季与冬季的物种数与多样性指数(H′)均处于较低的水平。鹭科鸟类与朱鹮在食物资源与巢址方面存在竞争关系,猛禽及鸦科鸟类对朱鹮的生存和繁殖具有一定影响,这些伴生鸟对朱鹮的影响机制及管理与防控对策仍有待深入研究。研究结果可为保护当地鸟类多样性和朱鹮野化放归种群提供基础数据。In order to understand the bird diversity and community dynamics in the home range of the released Crested Ibis Nipponia nippon in Deqing,Zhejiang,and to explore the main associated birds of Crested Ibis and their interspecific relationships,we conducted a bird resource survey in June 2023 and January 2024 using the line transect method and sample point method.A total of 155 species of birds belonging to 15 orders and 47 families were recorded,including 2 species of national first-class key protected wild animals,14 species of national second-class key protected wild animals,and 20species of key protected birds of Zhejiang Province.There are 63 species of birds from the Palearctic realm,53 species of birds from the Oriental realm,and the rest are widely distributed species.There are 71 species of resident birds,31 species of passing birds,30 species of winter migratory birds,and 23 species of summer migratory birds.A total of 117 species of wild birds were recorded in summer,with a total count of 3 711 birds,and the dominant species was Little Egret.A total of 89 species of wild birds were recorded in winter,with a total count of 3 209 birds,and the dominant species were Egretta garzetta and Passer montanus.Among the six survey areas,the number of species and the number of individuals in Tangjing village area were the highest in summer and winter,and the number of species and diversity index H′ in the Dengta village and Lianhe village area were at the lower level in summer and winter.The survey found that there was competition between Ardeidae birds and Crested Ibis in terms of food resources and nesting sites,and raptors and corvids had a certain impact on the survival and reproduction of Crested Ibis.Further research is needed on the mechanism of the impact of these companion birds on the Crested Ibis,as well as its management and control measures.The results of this study provide basic data for the conservation of local bird diversity and the released population of Crested Ibis.

关 键 词：野化放归 朱鹮 活动区 鸟类多样性 季节变化 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]