氮素形态对樟树生长及出油效果的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Forms on Growth and Oil Yield Effect of Cinnamomum camphora

作　　者：简振中 Jian Zhenzhong(Qingyuan Qingxin District Ecological Public Welfare Forest Management Center,Qingyuan 511500,China)

机构地区：[1]清远市清新区生态公益林管理中心,广东清远511500

出　　处：《防护林科技》2024年第6期74-77,共4页Protection Forest Science and Technology

摘　　要：以芳樟醇型樟树为研究对象,探讨不同硝铵比例(10∶0、7∶3、3∶7、0∶10)硝铵态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N/NH_(4)^(+)-N)对樟树苗期及1.5年生幼树林分生长与出油效果的影响。结果表明:氮素形态对樟树苗高、地径生长影响显著。在供试4个比例氮素形态处理中,以硝铵比3∶7处理下的苗高、地径生长量最大。樟树苗期生长具有明显的节律性,其中以6-8月为生长高峰期。在硝铵比3∶7处理下,樟树幼林树高、地径、枝叶生物量最大,高径比最小,且枝叶出油率、总醇、芳樟醇含量高,而樟脑含量最低。纯硝态氮、铵态氮不利于樟树生长,两者分别显著抑制了幼林地径与树高生长量,尤其在纯硝态氮处理下,枝叶出油率及出油主成分含量最低。以检测的幼林生长及出油方面的8个指标为评价指数,通过主成分分析法对不同比例氮素形态处理进行综合评分,表现为:硝铵比3∶7>0∶10>7∶3>10∶0。研究认为,相较单一氮素或高硝态氮混合肥,樟树施肥应以“少硝、铵适量”混合性氮肥为宜。Taking linalool-type Cinnamomum camphora as the research object,the effects of nitrate ammonium nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N/NH_(4)^(+)-N)of different nitrate-ammonium ratios(10:0,7:3,3:7,0:10)on the growth and oil yield effect of Cinnamomum camphora seedling stage and 1.5-year-old sapling stands were discussed.The results showed that nitrogen forms had significant effects on the growth of seedling height and ground diameter of Cinnamomum camphora.Among the tested nitrogen form treatments of the four ratios,the seedling height and ground diameter growth were the largest under the treatment of nitrate-ammonium ratio of 3:7.The growth of Cinnamomum camphora at seedling stage had obvious rhythm,and the growth peak was from June to August.Under the 3:7 treatment of nitrate-ammonium ratio,the tree height,ground diameter,branch and leaf biomass of Cinnamomum camphora young forest were the largest,the ratio of height to diameter was the smallest,and the oil yield,total alcohol and linalool content of branches and leaves were high,while the camphor content was the lowest.Pure nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were not conducive to the growth of Cinnamomum camphora,and they significantly inhibited the growth of ground diameter and tree height of young forest,respectively.Especially under the treatment of pure nitrate nitrogen,the oil yield of branches and leaves and the content of main components of oil yield were the lowest.Taking the eight indexes detected growth and oil yield of young forest as the evaluation indexes,the principal component analysis method was used to comprehensively score the nitrogen forms of different proportions treatments,which showed that the ratio of nitrate to ammonium was 3:7>0:10>7:3>10:0.The study suggests that compared with single nitrogen or high nitrate nitrogen mixed fertilizer,Cinnamomum camphora fertilization should be mixed nitrogen fertilizer of“less nitrate,appropriate amount of ammonium”.

关 键 词：樟树 生长量 芳樟醇 精准施肥 综合评价 

分 类 号：S792.230.6[农业科学—林木遗传育种]