秸秆还田对土壤微生物功能基因和功能类群的影响  

Effects of straw returning on functional genes and functional groups of soil microorganisms

作　　者：王彬浩 吴愉萍 陈彦博 张方舟 刘振宇 张硕 王先挺 WANG Binhao;WU Yuping;CHEN Yanbo;ZHANG Fangzhou;LIU Zhenyu;ZHANG Shuo;WANG Xianting(College of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,Zhejiang,China;Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 311200,Zhejiang,China;Ningbo Agricultural and Rural Green Development Center,Ningbo 315012,Zhejiang,China;Agricultural Technical Extension Station of Yinzhou District in Ningbo,Ningbo 315700,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州310058 [2]浙江大学杭州国际科创中心,浙江杭州311200 [3]宁波市农业农村绿色发展中心,浙江宁波315012 [4]宁波市鄞州区农业技术推广站,浙江宁波315700

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2024年第5期771-784,共14页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：浙江省宁波市农业技术推广项目(2021NT009)。

摘　　要：秸秆可持续化利用是加快农业绿色低碳发展的重要举措。在土壤一体化健康框架下,从微生物类群和功能视角解析秸秆还田对土壤生态健康综合影响的研究相对较少。为了解秸秆还田对土壤中抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)、甲烷循环功能基因(methane-cycling genes,MCGs)、氮循环功能基因(nitrogencycling genes,NCGs)、毒力因子基因(virulence factor genes,VFGs)及其宿主微生物的影响,本研究从浙江省宁波市长期秸秆还田(5年以上)的水稻田中采集土壤样品,并对样品进行宏基因组高通量测序。结果表明:长期秸秆还田对土壤ARGs、MCGs、NCGs和VFGs多样性产生影响,其中NCGs和VFGs丰富度显著降低,且氮循环微生物类群的丰富度也显著降低。在微生物介导的甲烷循环过程中,长期秸秆还田导致关键产甲烷基因mcrA、B、C、G和产甲烷菌——马氏甲烷八叠球菌(Methanosarcina mazei)的丰度显著降低,也促使甲基营养型产甲烷基因丰度显著降低。值得注意的是,VFGs丰度在长期秸秆还田下显著增加。此外,本研究还发现mcrA/pmoA及norB/nosZ功能基因丰度比显著降低,暗示在秸秆还田下稻田中更多的CH_(4)和N_(2)O将被转化。距离矩阵多元回归分析表明,总有机碳和溶解有机碳与土壤功能类群组成密切相关(P<0.05)。综上所述,长期秸秆还田将增加稻田病害的风险,同时可能会降低CH_(4)和N_(2)O等温室气体的排放速率。Sustainable straw utilization is an important measure for accelerating the green and low-carbon development of agriculture.However,there is relatively little research on the comprehensive impact of straw returning on soil ecological health from the perspectives of microbial communities and functions within the framework of soil“One Health”.To address this gap,soil samples were collected from paddy fields in Ningbo City of Zhejiang Province,where straw has been returned for a long time(5 years or more),and high-throughput metagenomic sequencing was performed to understand the effects of straw returning on antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),methane-cycling genes(MCGs),nitrogen-cycling genes(NCGs),virulence factor genes(VFGs),and their host taxa.The results showed that long-term straw returning affected the diversity of ARGs,MCGs,NCGs,and VFGs in the soil,with significantly decreased richness of NCGs and VFGs,as well as nitrogencycling taxa.Long-term straw returning also reduced the abundance of the key methanogenesis genes mcrA,B,C,and G and the methanogenesis taxon Methanosarcina mazei.It also significantly reduced the abundance of genes related to methylotrophic methanogenesis.Moreover,the abundance of VFGs significantly increased under longterm straw returning.In addition,the abundance ratio of the functional genes mcrA and pmoA,as well as that of norB and nosZ,was significantly reduced,which suggested that more CH_(4) and N_(2)O in rice fields under straw returning will be converted.Multiple regression on distance matrix analysis showed that total organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon were closely related to the soil microbial functional group composition(P<0.05).In summary,long-term straw returning increases the risk of rice diseases and may also reduce emission rates of greenhouse gases,such as CH_(4) and N_(2)O.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 功能基因 功能类群 致病菌 

分 类 号：S182[农业科学—农业基础科学]