老年人使用优势腿或非优势腿跨越不同高度障碍时跌倒风险的差异性  

Differences of Fall Risk in Older Adults Crossing Obstacles at Different Heights with the Dominant or Non-Dominant Leg

作　　者：杨晨 孙威[1] 陈岩[1] YANG Chen;SUN Wei;CHEN Yan(College of Sports and Health,Shandong Sport University,Ji’nan 250102,China;College of Sports Science,Qufu Normal University,Qufu 273100,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东体育学院运动与健康学院,济南250102 [2]曲阜师范大学体育科学学院,山东曲阜273100

出　　处：《医用生物力学》2024年第5期939-945,共7页Journal of Medical Biomechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(12102235);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2022MH163);国家体育总局科技创新项目(23KJCX058)。

摘　　要：目的研究老年人以优势腿或非优势腿跨越不同高度障碍时的跌倒风险,为老年人跨越障碍防跌倒措施的开发提供参考。方法16名老年人分别以优势腿和非优势腿随机跨越15%、30%、45%腿长高度的障碍,使用三维动作捕捉系统和三维测力台记录运动学与动力学数据。结果老年人使用非优势腿跨越障碍时,30%腿长高度的后腿前后方向动态稳度显著小于15%腿长高度(P<0.05,Cohen’s d=0.628);后腿垂直足趾间隙显著小于优势腿跨越(P=0.041,Cohen′s d=0.516),前腿垂直足趾间隙(P<0.001,Cohen′s d=0.685)、前腿前后足趾间隙(P=0.043,Cohen′s d=0.616)显著大于优势腿跨越。结论相较于使用优势腿跨越,老年人使用非优势腿跨越时在障碍前的前后方向身体稳定性较差,跌倒风险更大;在跨越不同高度障碍时,后腿被障碍绊倒的风险更大。Objective To study the fall risk of older adults stepping over obstacles of different heights with their dominant or non-dominant legs and provide references for developing fall prevention measures for the elderly during obstacle-crossing.Methods Sixteen older adults randomly stepped over obstacles at 15%,30%,and 45%of their leg heights with their dominant and non-dominant legs.A three-dimensional(3D)motion capture system and 3D force platform were used to record kinematic and kinetic data.Results When older adults used their non-dominant leg to step over obstacles,the dynamic stability in the anterior-posterior direction of the trailing leg at 30%of leg length height was significantly lower than that at 15%of leg length height(P<0.05,Cohen’s d=0.628);the vertical toe clearance of the trailing leg was significantly smaller than that of the dominant leg(P=0.041,Cohen’s d=0.516),and the vertical toe clearance(P<0.001,Cohen’s d=0.685)and anteriorposterior toe clearance(P=0.043,Cohen’s d=0.616)of the leading leg were significantly greater than those of the dominant leg.Conclusions Compared to stepping over obstacles with the dominant leg,older adults have a greater risk of falling in the anterior-posterior direction before obstacles when using the non-dominant leg.There is also a greater risk of the trailing leg tripping over obstacles of different heights.

关 键 词：老年人 跨越障碍 跌倒风险 优势腿 非优势腿 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]