施加生物炭对黑土区坡耕地土壤主要理化指标的动态影响  

Effects of biochar application on soil physiochemical indicators at sloping farmland in black soil region

作　　者：武佳龙 迟铭 高燕[3] 王祥 沈海鸥 WU Jialong;CHI Ming;GAO Yan;WANG Xiang;SHEN Haiou(College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Dandong Water Service Center,Dandong 118100,Liaoning,China;Songliao Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Center Station of Songliao Water Resources Commission,Changchun 130021,China;College of Land Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,吉林长春130118 [2]丹东市水务服务中心,辽宁丹东118100 [3]松辽水利委员会松辽流域水土保持监测中心站,吉林长春130021 [4]中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院,北京100193

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2024年第9期2060-2069,共10页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1500700,2016YFE0202900)。

摘　　要：采用田间原位监测试验方法,设计CK(不施加生物炭)和SW(施加生物炭30 t·hm^(-2))2个处理,研究施加生物炭当年(5—10月)对东北黑土区坡耕地土壤容重、土壤质量含水率、土壤pH值、电导率、有机质含量和阳离子交换量等主要理化指标的影响。结果表明,施加生物炭当年土壤容重降低,其中,6—10月垄丘土壤容重降低6.42%~11.21%,且随时间延长,其降幅减小。施加生物炭当年6—8月的土壤质量含水率降低,且垄丘的降低幅度小于垄沟,随坡位由上到下,土壤质量含水率的降幅逐渐减小;而9—10月的土壤质量含水率增加,且垄丘的增加幅度大于垄沟,随坡位由上到下,土壤质量含水率的增加幅度逐渐增大。此外,施加生物炭能够增加土壤pH值、有机质含量,减小电导率。综上,施加生物炭当年即可改变土壤主要理化指标,提升土壤质量。In the present study,an in-situ monitoring experiment was carried out at the sloping farmland to reveal the effects of biochar application during one year(from May to October)on soil bulk density,mass water content,pH,electrical conductivity,organic matter content and cation exchange capacity in black soil region,northeast China.Two experimental treatments were designed,including no biochar application(CK)and application of 30 t·hm^(-2) biochar(SW).The results showed that biochar application during one year decreased soil bulk density.Compared to the CK,the soil bulk density of ridge mound was decreased by 6.42%-11.21%from June to October.The decrease range of soil bulk density was lowered with time.The biochar application decreased the soil mass water content from June to August,and the decrease range of ridge mound was smaller than that of ridge furrow.When the slope position was from top to bottom,the decrease range of soil mass water contents decreased gradually.However,the biochar application increased the soil mass water content from September to October,and the increase range of ridge mound was greater than that of ridge furrow.When the slope position was from top to bottom,the increase range of soil mass water content was elevated gradually.Furthermore,the biochar application increased soil pH,organic matter content yet decreased soil electrical conductivity.Therefore,biochar application during one year could change the typical soil physical and chemical indicators,hence improve soil quality.

关 键 词：生物炭 土壤容重 土壤质量含水率 土壤化学指标 坡位 黑土区 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]