铲式青贮玉米起茬及残膜回收联合作业机设计与试验  

Design and experiment of shovel-type combined machine for silage corn root stubble plucking and residual plastic film collecting

作　　者：王晓阳 李强 赵武云 戴飞 严兆荣 王久鑫 WANG Xiaoyang;LI Qiang;ZHAO Wuyun;DAI Fei;YAN Zhaorong;WANG Jiuxin(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Ben Niu Farming Machinery Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.,Zhangye 734000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学机电工程学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃犇牛农牧机械制造有限公司,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2024年第9期2132-2145,共14页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：甘肃省科学技术厅科技重大专项—农业类(23ZDNA005);甘肃省高等学校产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-25);甘肃省高校教师创新基金项目(2023A-57);甘肃省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202310733026)。

摘　　要：为解决青贮玉米根茬和残膜难回收的问题,设计一种铲式青贮玉米起茬及残膜回收联合作业机。联合作业机主要由起膜起茬铲、升运链、分离滚筒筛、集膜箱等部件组成。对联合作业机的关键部件进行理论分析和田间试验,确定其结构和工作参数。利用Design-Expert软件设计了三因素三水平二次回归正交试验,以机具前进速度、起膜起茬铲入土深度、分离滚筒筛转速为影响因素,以残膜拾净率和根茬起茬率为响应指标,建立响应面三维模型,得出机具前进速度和起膜起茬铲入土深度对机具残膜拾净率影响显著,而起膜起茬铲入土深度和分离滚筒筛转速对机具起茬率影响显著。利用Design-Expert软件中的Optimization对机具作业参数进行优化分析,结果表明,优化的作业参数为机具前进速度3.54 km·h^(-1),起膜起茬铲入土深度12.94 cm,分离滚筒筛转速51.53 r·min^(-1)。田间验证试验结果表明,在机具前进速度3.5 km·h^(-1),起膜起茬铲入土深度13 cm,分离滚筒筛转速50 r·min^(-1)作业条件下,残膜拾净率89.26%,根茬起茬率90.37%,机具运行稳定可靠,满足残膜回收机的作业要求。To solve the problem of difficult recovery of silage corn stubble and residual film,a combined machine was designed.The machine is mainly composed of a shovel with removing root stubble and residual film,a lifting chain,a separation drum screen,a film collection box,and other parts.The key components of the combined machine was analyzed theoretically and tested in the field to determine their structure and working parameters.Design-Expert software was used to design a three-factor,three-level quadratic regression orthogonal test,with the forward speed of the machine,the depth of shovel,the speed of separation drum screen as the influencing factors,and the recovery rate of residual film and stubble removal rate as the response indexes to establish a three-dimensional model of the response surface,and it was concluded that the forward speed of the machine and the depth of shovel had a significant effect on the rate of removing root stubble,while the depth of shovel and the separation drum screen speed had a significant effect on the rate of removing root stubble.Using optimization in Design-Expert to optimize the operating parameters of the machine,the results showed that the optimized operating parameters were:the forward speed of the machine was 3.54 km·h^(-1),the depth of shovel was 12.94 cm,and the separation drum screen speed was 51.53 r·min^(-1).The results of field verification test showed that when the forward speed of the machine was 3.5 km·h^(-1),the depth of shovel was 13 cm,and the separation drum screen speed was 50 r·min^(-1),under the operating conditions,the recovery rate of residual film was 89.26%,the cut rate of root stubble was 90.37%.The combined machine is stable and reliable,meeting the requirements of the residual film recycling machine.

关 键 词：青贮玉米 起茬 残膜回收 联合作业机 

分 类 号：S223.5[农业科学—农业机械化工程]