宽波束双频同轴共口径高精度GNSS天线设计  

Design of Dual-band Coaxial Aperture-shared High-precision GNSS Antenna with Wide Beamwidth

作　　者：李晓鹏 曹雨露 蔡惠萍 章秀银[1] LI Xiaopeng;CAO Yulu;CAI Huiping;ZHANG Xiuyin(School of Electronics and Information Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641,China;Hi-Target Navigation Tech Co.Ltd.,Guangzhou 511400,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学电子与信息学院,广州510641 [2]广州中海达卫星导航技术股份有限公司,广州511400

出　　处：《微波学报》2024年第5期91-96,共6页Journal of Microwaves

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(62031016)。

摘　　要：为了展宽高精度卫星导航定位圆极化天线波束宽度和实现天线的小型化设计,本文提出了一款轻量化、宽波束的双频同轴共口径微带贴片天线。该天线包含一个内外嵌套的双频同轴共口径辐射贴片单元、若干寄生枝节、若干金属支撑柱、4个馈电馈针以及接地板。将高、低频辐射贴片分别布设在PCB印制板的上、下表面,采用了空气作为共同的辐射介质层,从而实现了天线更低的剖面设计。此外,还将高频辐射贴片和低频辐射贴片在垂直方向进行了局部交叉设计,以及在环形低频辐射贴片外围设计了若干T型寄生短路枝节,分别形成了电容效应,进而实现了天线的小型化设计,即该天线单元尺寸仅为0.37λ×0.37λ×0.03λ。实测数据表明,该天线两个频带内最大增益均>4.5 dBi,并且在低频1.227 GHz、低仰角20°处的增益>1 dBi,在高频1.575 GHz、低仰角20°处的增益>0 dBi。因此,本文所提出的天线能够较好地满足高精度卫星导航定位终端需求。In order to broaden the beam width of the circularly polarized antenna for high-precision satellite navigation and positioning and realize the miniaturization design of the antenna,a miniaturized dual-band aperture-shared microstrip patch antenna with light weight and wide beam width is presented.The antenna consists of an inner-outer cross-nested dual-band coaxial aperture-shared radiation patch unit,several parasitic branches,several metal supporting columns,four feeding probes and a ground plane.The higher-frequency and the lower-frequency radiation patches are printed on the upper and lower surfaces of the PCB board,respectively,and the air is used as the common radiation dielectric layer,so as to realize the lower profile design of the antenna.In addition,the higher-frequency and the lower-frequency radiation patches are cross-designed locally in vertical direction,and several T-shaped parasitic short-circuit stubs are designed on the periphery of the annular lower-frequency radiation patch,forming capacity-loaded,respectively,so as to realize the miniaturization of the antenna,and the dimensions of proposed antenna are only 0.37λ×0.37λ×0.03λ.The measured datas show that the maximum gain of the proposed antenna in both bands are greater than 4.5 dBi,the gains are greater than 1 dBi at low frequency of 1.227 GHz and low elevation angle of 20°,the gains are greater than 0 dBi at high frequency of 1.575 GHz and low elevation angle of 20°.Therefore,the antenna proposed in this paper can better meet the needs of high-precision satellite navigation and positioning terminals.

关 键 词：圆极化天线 小型化 同轴共口径 宽波束 寄生枝节 

分 类 号：TN821.1[电子电信—信息与通信工程] TN967.1