绿色木霉对甜瓜立枯病防治效果及其生理机制初探  

Control Effect and Physiological Mechanism of Trichoderma viride against Melon Damping-off

作　　者：廉华[1] 刘静依 张静[1] 马光恕[1] 姜海洋 蒋细良[3] 李梅[3] LIAN Hua;LIU Jingyi;ZHANG Jing;MA Guangshu;JIANG Haiyang;JIANG Xiliang;LI Mei(College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China;Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinlin 132011,China;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests/Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学园艺园林学院,大庆163319 [2]吉林市农业科学院,吉林132011 [3]植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室/中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2024年第4期905-913,共9页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFD0201202)。

摘　　要：研究了一株绿色木霉菌Trichoderma viride Tv286对立枯丝核菌Rizoctonia solani(Rs)侵染引起的甜瓜立枯病的防治效果,并测定了Tv286对甜瓜幼苗生长、生理特性的影响。结果显示,Tv286处理对甜瓜枯萎病的盆栽防效超过85%,能显著促进甜瓜幼苗的生长,提高幼苗的生理活性。其中以土壤施入106cfu/g Tv286菌剂的处理对甜瓜立枯病的防效最高,对幼苗的生长和生理活性的促进作用最强。与病菌对照处理相比,其幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积、全株鲜重、全株干重、根冠比和壮苗指数分别提高了51.64%、39.93%、44.49%、36.99%、119.18%、79.45%和122.73%;叶片总叶绿素含量、根系活力、硝态氮含量、硝酸还原酶活性、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量分别提高了40.02%、43.64%、13.85%、118.34%、105.46%和153.78%;根体积、总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积、根系活跃吸收面积百分比、根比表面积分别提高了32.02%、74.18%、135.09%、34.97%和31.96%。上述结果说明,本研究的绿色木霉Tv286通过提高甜瓜幼苗生理特性,促进了幼苗生长,提高了对立枯病的抗性。Control effect of Trichoderma viride Tv286 against melon damping-off caused by Rizoctonia solani(Rs)was investigated,and the effects on the growth and physiological characteristics of melon seedlings were also determined.The results showed that the control efficacy of Tv286 on potted melon damping-off was more than 85%,and Tv286 could significantly promote the growth of melon seedlings and improve their physiological activities.The treatment with 106 cfu/g Tv286 in soil had the highest control effect on melon damping-off,and the promotion effect on the growth and physiological activity of seedlings was the strongest.Compared with the pathogen control treatment,the seedling height,stem diameter,leaf area,fresh weight,dry weight,root/shoot ratio and strong seedling index of melon seedlings of T3B treatment were increased by 51.64%,39.93%,44.49%,36.99%,119.18%,79.45%and 122.73%,respectively.Total chlorophyll content,root activity,nitrate nitrogen content,nitrate reductase activity,soluble sugar content and soluble protein content in melon leaves were increased by 40.02%,43.64%,13.85%,118.34%,105.46%and 153.78%,respectively,and root volume,total root absorption area,active root absorption area,percentage of root active absorption area,and root specific surface area were increased by 32.02%,74.18%,135.09%,34.97%,and 31.96%,respectively.The above results indicated that T.viride Tv286 promoted the growth of melon seedlings and increased the resistance to damping-off by improving the physiological characteristics of the seedlings.

关 键 词：绿色木霉Tv286 甜瓜 立枯病 生理特性 防治效果 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]