77种植物提取物杀虫活性初步研究  

Insecticidal Activity of Extracts from 77 Species of Plants

作　　者：杨学涛 王秀平[1] 彭飞[1] 程才红 吴圣勇[2] 解海翠 杨越冬[1] YANG Xuetao;WANG Xiuping;PENG Fei;CHENG Caihong;WU Shengyong;XIE Haicui;YANG Yuedong(Hebei Normal University of Science&Technology,Qinhuangdao 066004,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技师范学院,秦皇岛066004 [2]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2024年第5期987-999,共13页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：河北省省属高校基本科研业务费专项项目(2020JK001);河北省省属高校基本科研业务费专项项目(2020JK011);河北省大学生创新创业训练项目(S202210798028)。

摘　　要：为评价39科77种植物的杀虫活性,本研究采用叶碟喷雾法、浸渍法和喷雾法,分别测定了植物乙醇提取物对二斑叶螨、西花蓟马和麦长管蚜的杀虫活性,进一步测定了杀虫活性较高的植物对二斑叶螨、西花蓟马和麦长管蚜的室内毒力。结果表明:在1 g/m L的供试剂量下,颠茄、蟛蜞菊、咽喉草、菝葜、沙棘、石竹、凌霄花、山佩兰8种植物对二斑叶螨的72 h校正死亡率较高,均在70%以上;LC_(50)分别为254、297、413、424、428、553、663、725 mg/m L;颠茄、蟛蜞菊对西花蓟马的72 h校正死亡率均在80%以上,其LC_(50)分别是272、306 mg/m L;菝葜、咽喉草、沙棘、羊角蒿、凌霄花和山佩兰对西花蓟马72 h的校正死亡率在70%~80%,其LC_(50)分别为446、485、523、563、710、712 mg/m L;虎杖、颠茄、牛叠肚、地肤子、狼毒5种植物对麦长管蚜72 h的校正死亡率在70%以上,其LC_(50)分别为281、336、540、657、730 mg/m L。因此,颠茄、虎杖、蟛蜞菊、菝葜等植物对不同供试昆虫的校正死亡率均较高,表现出良好的杀虫活性,值得进一步研究。In order to evaluate the insecticidal activity of 77 species of plants belonging to 39 families,leaf disc spray method,immersion method and spray method were used to determine the insecticidal activity of plant ethanol extracts against Tetranychus urticae,Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)and Sitobion avenae(Fabricius),and further determine the efficacy of plants with better insecticidal activity against T.urticae,F.occidentalis and S.avenae.The results showed that Atropa belladonna L.,Sphagneticola calendulacea,Hypecoum erectum L.,Smilaz china L.,Hippophae rhamnoides L.,Dianthus chinensis L.,Campsis grandiflora and Eupatorium japonicum extracts had high toxic on T.cinnabarinus,with the corrected mortality of more than 70%after 72 h;and the LC_(50) value was 254,297,413,424,428,553,663,725 mg/mL,respectively.A.belladonna L.and S.calendulacea extracts had high toxic on F.occidentalis,with the corrected mortality of more than 80%after 72 h;and the LC_(50) value was 272,306 mg/mL,respectively.S.china,H.erectum,H.rhamnoides,Incarvillea sinensis Lam.,C.grandiflora and E.japonicum extracts had high toxic on F.occidentalis,with the corrected mortality of 70%―80%after 72 h;and the LC_(50) value was 446,485,523,563,710,712 mg/mL,respectively.Reynoutria japonica Houtt.,A.belladonna,Rubus crataegifolius Bge,Kochia scoparia and Stellera chamaejasme L.extracts had high toxic on S.avenae,with the corrected mortality of more than 70%after 72 h;and the LC_(50) value was 281,336,540,657,730 mg/mL,respectively.Plants such as A.belladonna,R.japonica,S.calendulacea and S.china have high corrected mortality rates against different tested insects,demonstrating potential insecticidal activity,which is worthy of further study.

关 键 词：植物源农药 二斑叶螨 西花蓟马 麦长管蚜 杀虫活性 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]