宁夏设施番茄和黄瓜主要土传病害生态治理技术集成与示范效果评价  

Ecological Management of Main Soil-Borne Diseases of Tomato and Cucumber in the Greenhouse in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

作　　者：郭成瑾 杨波 王喜刚 沈瑞清 张丽荣 李世东[3] 郭荣君[3] GUO Chengjin;YANG Bo;WANG Xigang;SHEN Ruiqing;ZHANG Lirong;LI Shidong;GUO Rongjun(Institute of Plant Protection,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Ningxia Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Pest Control,Yinchuan 750002,China;Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所/宁夏植物病虫害防治重点实验室,银川750002 [2]宁夏农垦农林牧技术推广服务中心,银川750021 [3]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所/植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2024年第5期1120-1127,共8页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2019BFF02006);现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-23-C04);宁夏回族自治区青年拔尖人才培养工程(宁人社函[2017]787号)。

摘　　要：针对宁夏设施番茄和黄瓜土传病害危害严重,连作障碍普遍发生的现状,集成了两套生态治理技术,并在宁夏银川市永宁县和固原市头营镇开展了试验示范。试验设置技术模式(土壤熏蒸与微生物菌剂/菌肥协同应用)和农户模式(常规化学农药与肥料管理)。试验结果表明:技术模式下番茄株高和茎粗分别比农户模式下提高了7.96%和25.13%,黄瓜分别提高了24.47%和5.32%;技术模式下番茄根腐病发病率为1.11%,防效达80.70%,黄瓜根结线虫病情指数为5.20,防效达88.00%;技术模式下番茄平均亩产提高了28.49%,黄瓜平均亩产提高了58.37%。技术模式下番茄利润比农户模式下增加140.38%,黄瓜利润增加100.29%。技术模式下番茄减施化学农药6次,减施化学肥料6次,而黄瓜减施化学农药17次,减施化学肥料16次。综上所述,该研究集成的生态治理技术对设施番茄和黄瓜的生长发育、品质及产量有一定的促进作用,对土传病害具有显著的防治效果,可实现设施蔬菜节本增效。To solve the serious occurrence of soil borne diseases and the obstacles widely occurred in continuous vegetable cultivation in Ningxia,two sets of ecological management technology were integrated and demonstrated in Yongning county,Yinchuan city and Touying town,Guyuan city of Ningxia,respectively.In this study,two systems,namely technical system(soil fumigation in conjunction with microbial agents/fertilizers)and farmer system(conventional chemical pesticides and fertilizer management),were applied in the greenhouse of tomato and cucumber,respectively.The results showed that under the technical system,the height and stem diameter of tomato increased by 7.96%and 25.13%,respectively,while cucumber increased by 24.47%and 5.32%,respectively,in comparison with the farmer system.Under the technical system,the incidence of tomato root rot was only 1.11%,the control efficacy was 80.70%,and the disease index of cucumber root knot nematode was 5.20,the control efficacy reached as high as 88.00%.Under the technical system,the average yield of tomato increased by 28.49%,and that of cucumber increased by 58.37%.The tomato profit increased by 140.38%in the technology-system,compared to farmer-system,while the cucumber profit increased by 100.29%.Under the technology-system,the application of chemical pesticides and chemical fertilizers on tomato was reduced by 6 times and 6 times,respectively,while their application on cucumber was reduced by 17 times and 16 times,respectively.In summary,the ecological management technology proposed in this study could promote the plant growth and development,improve the quality and yield of tomato and cucumber in the greenhouse,and showed good control efficacy on the control of soil-borne diseases.It can achieve the goal of saving costs and increasing the efficiency of vegetables production in greenhouse.

关 键 词：土传病害 生态治理 技术集成 经济效益 设施蔬菜 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]