重庆沙坪坝区2019—2023年水痘突破病例的流行特征分析  

Epidemic characteristics analysis of breakthrough cases of varicella in Shapingba,Chongqing,2019-2023

作　　者：杨连建 杨长绢 段清浩 YANG Lian-jian;YANG Chang-juan;DUAN Qing-hao(Shapingba District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chongqing 400038,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市沙坪坝区疾病预防控制中心,重庆400038

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第20期3677-3681,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析重庆沙坪坝区水痘突破病例的流行特征,为做好该区的水痘疫情防控提供参考。方法收集2019—2023年现住地为沙坪坝区的水痘病例信息及其水痘疫苗接种信息,使用描述流行病学方法分析水痘突破病例的流行特征,使用线性回归分析突破病例与疫苗接种时年龄及疫苗接种至发病的时间间隔的相关关系。结果重庆沙坪坝区2019—2023年沙坪坝区共发生水痘突破病例802例,占水痘病例总数的14.87%,以接种1剂水痘的病例为主(648例,占80.80%),各年份构成差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=16.400,P<0.005);疫情呈双峰分布,为每年的10月至12月和5月至7月,冬季最少(142例,占11.68%),春季最多(198例,占17.32%),不同季节的构成差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=16.348,P<0.001);水痘突破病例以男性为主、6~10岁的小学生最多,构成差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=877.420,P<0.001);突破病例首剂水痘疫苗接种至发病的时间间隔为46天~17年,中位数[M(P_(25),P_(75))]为7年(4年,10年),散居儿童、小学生和中学生的间隔时间间隔中位数分别为3年(2年,4年)、8年(6年,9年)和12年(11年,14年),差异有统计学意义(H=497.280,P<0.001);突破病例首剂接种时年龄与发病时间间隔呈负相关,相关系数r=-0.230(t=-6.693,P<0.001)。结论重庆沙坪坝水痘突破病例集中在开学季、以小学生为主,发病时间间隔为7年,应进一步强化小学水痘疫情防控,进一步提升儿童的水痘疫苗的接种率,并建议在上小学前接种2剂疫苗,降低突破病例发生的风险。Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of breakthrough cases of varicella in Shapingba District,Chongqing,and provide reference for the prevention and control of the varicella epidemic in the area.Methods Collect information on varicella cases and their vaccination in Shapingba District from 2019 to 2023,Use descriptive epidemiological methods to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella breakthrough cases,and use linear regression to analyze the relationship between breakthrough cases and age at the time of vaccination and the time interval between vaccination and onset of disease.Results From 2019 to 2023,there were a total of 802 breakthrough cases of varicella in Shapingba District,Chongqing,accounting for 14.87%of the total number of varicella cases.The majority of cases were vaccinated with one dose of varicella(648 cases,accounting for 80.80%),and the differences in composition among different years were statistically significant(χ^(2)=16.400,P<0.005);The epidemic has a bimodal distribution,from October to December and May to July each year.The least cases are in winter(142 cases,accounting for 11.68%),and the most cases are in spring(198 cases,accounting for 17.32%).The composition differences between different seasons are statistically significant(χ^(2)=16.348,P<0.001);The breakthrough cases of chickenpox are mainly male,with the highest incidence among primary school students aged 6~10,and the differences in composition are statistically significant(χ^(2)=877.420,P<0.001);The time interval from the first dose of chickenpox vaccine to the onset of breakthrough cases was 46 days to 17 years,with a median[M(P_(25),P_(75))]of 7 years(4 years,10 years).The median time interval between scattered children,primary school students,and middle school students was 3 years(2 years,4 years),8 years(6 years,9 years),and 12 years(11 years,14 years),respectively,with statistical significance(H=497.280,P<0.001);There is a negative correlation between age at the time of first dose vaccination

关 键 词：水痘 突破病例 流行特征 

分 类 号：R511.5[医药卫生—内科学]