2018—2022年北京市非职业性一氧化碳中毒事件的流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning in Beijing,2018-2022

作　　者：张永强[1] 杜世昌 卜凡 韩宛彤 王薇[1] 孙秀梅 孙鑫贵[1] ZHANG Yong-qiang;DU Shi-chang;BU Fan;HAN Wan-tong;WANG Wei;SUN Xiu-mei;SUN Xin-gui(Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心,北京100013

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第20期3682-3686,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：首都卫生发展科研专项项目(2022-1G-4261)。

摘　　要：目的了解北京市非职业性一氧化碳中毒事件的流行病学特征,探讨针对性防控措施。方法数据来源于国家突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统,采用描述性流行病学方法对北京市2018—2022年非职业一氧化碳中毒事件进行统计分析。结果2018—2022年,北京市共报告非职业一氧化碳中毒事件1841起,中毒2729例,死亡31例。年均发病率和死亡率分别为25.14例/百万和0.29例/百万。存在春季和冬季两个发病高峰,分别占病例总数的49.98%和24.00%。发病最高峰出现在8~11时之间,占22.83%。近郊、远郊和市区的非职业一氧化碳发病率分别为0.96例/10万、1.27例/10万和18.79例/10万,死亡率分别是0.02例/10万、0.02例/10万和0.11例/10万。中毒事件主要发生在居民家庭1633起,占88.70%;其次是餐馆118起,占6.41%。发生在家庭的中毒事件占比从2018年的92.10%逐年下降到2022年的84.13%;餐馆的中毒事件占比从2018年的4.23%逐年上升到2022年的10.05%。发生在家庭的中毒病例占比从2018年的86.39%整体逐年下降到2022年的71.84%;餐馆的中毒病例占比从2018年的9.88%整体逐年上升到2022年的20.57%。结论北京市非职业性一氧化碳中毒发病和死亡风险的地区间不均衡现象较为严重,餐馆中毒事件占比逐年升高,应采取针对性措施加强远郊区和重点餐馆的防控工作。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning incidents in Beijing from 2018 to 2022,and to explore targeted prevention and control measures.Methods The data were from the National Public Health Emergency Reporting Management Information System.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning incidents in Beijing from 2018 to 2022.Relative risk(RR)was used to assess the risk of morbidity and mortality.Results From 2018 to 2022,a total of 1841 non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning incidents were reported in Beijing,with 2729 cases of poisoning and 31 deaths.The annual morbidity and mortality were 25.14 and 0.29 cases per million,respectively.There were two peaks of poisoning cases in spring and winter,accounting for 49.98%and 24.00%of the total cases,respectively.The highest incidence occurred between 8 and 11 o’clock,accounting for 22.83%.In the inner suburbs,outer suburbs and urban areas,the incidence of non-occupational carbon monoxide was 0.96 cases/100000,1.27 cases/100000 and 18.79 cases/100000,and the mortality was 0.02 cases/100000,0.02 cases/100000 and 0.11 cases/100000,respectively.The poisoning incidents mainly occurred in residential families in 1633 cases,accounting for 88.70%;This was followed by 118 restaurants,accounting for 6.41 percent.The proportion of household poisoning incidents decreased from 92.10%in 2018 to 84.13%in 2022.The proportion of poisoning incidents in restaurants increased year by year from 4.23%in 2018 to 10.05%in 2022.The proportion of poisoning cases occurring at home decreased from 86.39%in 2018 to 71.84%in 2022.The proportion of poisoning cases in restaurants increased from 9.88%in 2018 to 20.57%in 2022.Conclusion The incidence and death risk of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning in Beijing is not balanced among regions,and the proportion of poisoning incidents in restaurants is increasing year by year.Targeted measures should be taken to strengthen t

关 键 词：一氧化碳中毒 非职业性 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R595.1[医药卫生—内科学]