1990—2021中国归因于饮食风险的缺血性心脏病负担及变化趋势  

Analysis study of the burden and changing trend of ischemic heart disease attributed to dietary risks in China,1990-2021

作　　者：朱梦兰 靳文瑜 伍晨楠 刘同同 张鹭鹭 ZHU Meng-lan;JIN Wen-yu;WU Chen-nan;LIU Tong-tong;ZHANG Lu-lu(Department of Health Services,Faculty of Health Services,Naval Medical University(Second Military Medical University),Shanghai 200433,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]海军军医大学卫生勤务学系卫生勤务学教研室,上海200433 [2]解放军第74集团军医院眼耳鼻喉科

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第20期3695-3701,共7页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(72174204)。

摘　　要：目的阐明1990—2021年我国归因于饮食风险的缺血性心脏病(Ischemic Heart Disease,IHD)疾病负担状况及其发展变化。方法采用Jointpoint回归模型,通过每年变化百分比和平均每年变化百分比,从全球疾病负担数据库中提取中国归因于饮食因素的IHD伤残调整寿命年(DALYs)率和死亡率。结果2021年中国归因于饮食风险的IHD标化DALYs率和死亡率分别为820.87/10万(比1990年下降14.45%)和44.26/10万(比1990年下降5.24%)。男性的饮食风险远高于女性,1990年男性标化DALYs率是女性的1.36倍,2021年为1.99倍。主要的饮食风险因素包括高钠饮食、低全谷类饮食和多Ω-6不饱和脂肪酸饮食,且DALYs率和死亡率随年龄增长而大幅增加。1990—2021年中国归因于饮食因素的IHD的标化DALYs率和死亡率均呈下降(AAPC分别为-0.54%和-0.24%)。结论我国归因于饮食风险的IHD的疾病负担和死亡率总体呈下降趋势,男性归因于饮食风险的IHD的疾病负担高于女性,70岁及以上的人群疾病负担高于70岁以下人群,归因于饮食风险的IHD的疾病负担预计将持续上升。为减轻IHD疾病负担,应该对男性和中老年人群加强健康教育,以提高对IHD防治的知晓度,可以通过提倡健康饮食和生活习惯加强体质管理。Objective To describe and analyze the burden and changing trends of ischemic heart disease(IHD)attributed to dietary risks in China from 1990 to 2021,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of IHD in China.Methods Standardized DALY rates and standardized mortality rates for IHD in China from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease database(GBD 2021).Results In 2021,the standardized DALYs rate and mortality rate of IHD attributed to dietary risks in China were 820.87 and 44.26 per 100,000 respectively,showing a decrease of 14.45%and 5.24%compared to 1990.China’s rates were only higher than regions with high sociodemographic index and lower than global and other regional levels.Dietary risks were significantly higher in males compared to females,with the main risk factors being high-sodium diet,lowwholegrain diet,and high omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet.Both DALYs rate and mortality rate increased significantly with age.The overall trend from 1990 to 2021 shows a decline in the standardized DALYs rate and mortality rate of IHD attributed to dietary factors in China,with an Average Annual Percentage Change(AAPC)of 0.54%and 0.24%respectively.Conclusion The burden of disease and mortality rate of IHD attributable to dietary risks in China have shown an overall declining trend.However,the disease burden attributable to dietary risks is higher in males than in females,and higher in those aged 70 and above compared to those under 70.The burden of IHD attributable to dietary risks is expected to continue rising.To alleviate the burden of IHD,it is essential to enhance health education for males and middle-aged and elderly populations,increasing their awareness of IHD prevention and control.This can be achieved by promoting healthy eating habits and lifestyle practices to improve physical fitness management.

关 键 词：IHD 饮食风险 疾病负担 伤残调整寿命年 Jointpoint回归模型 

分 类 号：R542.2[医药卫生—心血管疾病]