2019—2021年陕西省农村环境卫生与居民腹泻相关性研究  

Correlation of environmental hygiene and diarrhea among residents in the rural areas of Shaanxi Province,2019-2021

作　　者：孙茜 贾茹 雷佩玉 惠晓芬 郑晶利 SUN Qian;JIA Ru;LEI Peiyu;HUI Xiaofen;ZHENG Jingli(Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省疾病预防控制中心,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2024年第8期921-924,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：陕西省农田土壤重金属污染研究(2022JQ-973)。

摘　　要：目的对2019—2021年陕西省农村环境卫生监测结果进行分析,探讨农村居民腹泻发病的环境影响因素,为预防腹泻发生和改善农村环境卫生现状提供依据。方法2019—2021年每年在陕西省30个区县分层随机抽取3000户农村家庭调查腹泻及环境卫生状况,采用非条件logistic回归(二分类)分析影响因素。结果2019—2021年陕西省使用卫生厕所的户数占比分别为48.20%(1446户)、53.20%(1596户)、59.07%(1772户),饮用集中式供水的户数占比分别为81.17%(2435户)、86.20%(2586户)、88.27%(2648户),厨房内未发现蟑螂的户数占比分别为95.17%(2855户)、96.47%(2894户)和98.20%(2946户),均呈现上升趋势(χ^(2)=71.189、59.997、42.125,P<0.001)。经logistic回归分析得出,家庭使用农药(OR=1.352,95%CI:1.074~1.702)、厨房内有鼠迹(OR=1.432,95%CI:1.055~1.943)或苍蝇(OR=1.442,95%CI:1.124~1.851)的家庭成员患腹泻风险高于未使用农药、厨房内无鼠迹或苍蝇家庭。结论2019—2021年陕西省农村环境卫生监测结果整体在逐步向好,建议相关部门加强农村病媒生物控制工作,引导农村居民养成良好的生活习惯,从而降低农村居民腹泻的发生并进一步改善农村环境卫生。Objective To analyze the monitoring results of rural environmental hygiene in Shaanxi Province from 2019 to 2021,to explore the environmental factors influencing diarrhea among rural residents so as to provide a basis for preventing diarrhea and improving the current situation of rural environmental hygiene.MethodsA stratified sampling method was used to annually select 3,000 rural households from 30 districts and counties in Shaanxi Province from 2019 to 2021.The incidence of diarrhea and the status of environmental hygiene were investigated,and binary unconditional logistic regression was employed to analyze the influencing factors.Results The proportions of households using sanitary toilets in Shaanxi Province from 2019 to 2021 were 48.20%(1,446 households),53.20%(1,596 households)and 59.07%(1,772 households)respectively.The proportions of households using centralized drinking water supply were 81.17%(2,435 households),86.20%(2,586 households)and 88.27%(2,648 households)respectively.The proportions of households without cockroaches found in the kitchen were 95.17%(2,855 households),96.47%(2,894 households)and 98.20%(2,946 households)respectively.These all showed an upward trend(X°=71.189,X2=59.997,X2=42.125,all P<0.001).Logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk of diarrhea was higher in family members from households using pesticides(0R=1.352,95%Cl:1.074-1.702)and having mouse traces(OR=1.432,95%Cl:1.055-1.943)or flies in the kitchen(OR=1.442,95%CI:1.124-1.851)than in those from households without using pesticides and having no mouse traces or flies in the kitchen.Conclusion The overall monitoring results of rural environmental hygiene in Shanxi Province from 2019 to 2021 were gradually improving.It is recommended that relevant departments should strengthen vector control in the rural areas and guide rural residents to develop good living habits so as to reduce the incidence of diarrhea among rural residents and further improve rural environmental hygiene.

关 键 词：农村 环境 腹泻 影响因素 

分 类 号：R127[医药卫生—环境卫生学]