2022年深圳市龙岗区中小学生接种流感疫苗的保护效果分析  

Effectiveness of influenza vaccination among primary and secondary school students in Longgang District of Shenzhen City,2022

作　　者：叶碧莉[1] 徐嘉棋 王小丽[1] 庄春燕[1] 林海端 刘凤仁[1] YE Bili;XU Jiaqi;WANG Xiaoli;ZHUANG Chunyan;LIN Haiduan;LIU Fengren(Longgang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518000,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市龙岗区疾病预防控制中心,广东深圳518000

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2024年第8期949-952,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨评价中小学生接种三价灭活流感疫苗的保护效果,为政府制定和完善中小学流感疫苗接种策略提供依据。方法结合国家传染病监测系统发病数,2022年中小学流感疫苗接种数,各年级学生数,比较各年级的流感发病率及组内接种与未接种人群的发病率,并计算各组疫苗保护率。结果接种流感疫苗组发病率(4.54%)显著低于未接种组(6.02%)(χ^(2)=251.761,P<0.05)。中小学总体疫苗保护率为24.55%。小学部和中学部按照疫苗接种率高低分组后,小学低接种率组的发病率6.12%,疫苗保护率及95%可信区间为-12.31%(-22.51%~-3.02%),无保护效果;其他组别接种流感疫苗后均能产生良好的保护效果。结论接种当季流感疫苗可以有效保护中小学生,鼓励中小学生按照流感疫苗接种技术指南规范接种当季流感疫苗以预防流感。研究支持首次接种流感疫苗的儿童应当接种两针剂次,针对一年级新生需多举措并行保护学生。Objective To explore and evaluate the protective effect of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in primary and secondary school students,and to provide a basis for the government to formulate and improve influenza vaccination strategies for the students.Methods Combined with the number of influenza incidence from the National Monitoring System for Infectious Disease,the number of influenza vaccination in the primary and secondary schools in 2022 and the number of students in each grade,we compared the incidence rates of influenza in each grade and the incidence rates of influenza in the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups,and calculated the vaccine protection rate of each group.ResultsThe incidence rate of influenza was significantly lower in the vaccinated group than in the non-vaccinated group(4.54%us.6.02%,X2=251.761,P<0.05).The overall protection rate offered by influenza vaccines in the primary and secondary schools was 24.55%.The primary and secondary schools were grouped according to the vaccination rates from high to low,the incidence rate of influenza in the low vaccination rate group of primary schools was 6.12%,and the vaccine protection rate-12.31%,with 95%confidence interval of-22.51%--3.02%,showing no protective effect.Other groups showed good protective effects after influenza vaccination.Conclusion Seasonal flu vaccination can effectively protect the primary and middle school students,and hence it is necessary to encourage the primary and middle school students to inoculate with seasonal flu vaccines in accordance with the technical guidelines for flu vaccination so as to prevent influenza.This study supports the current recommendation on inoculating with 2 doses of influenza vaccine in previously unvaccinated children.Multiple measures should be taken in parallel in newly-registered pupils from Grade 1 so as to protect their health.

关 键 词：流感疫苗 保护效果 中小学生 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]