燃料贮箱结构可重复使用性能评价与关键技术探讨  

Reusable Performance Evaluation and Key Technologies of Fuel Tanks Weldment

作　　者：王苹 杜岩峰 刘永 钱宏亮 宋晓国 赵衍华 Wang Ping;Du Yanfeng;Liu Yong;Qian Hongliang;Song Xiaoguo;Zhao Yanhua(School of Ocean Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Weihai 264209;Captial Aerospace Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100076)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学(威海)海洋工程学院,威海264209 [2]首都航天机械有限公司,北京100076

出　　处：《航天制造技术》2024年第5期49-56,共8页Aerospace Manufacturing Technology

摘　　要：重复使用运载火箭作为运载火箭更新换代的核心特征,其技术发展的必然趋势无疑凸显了国家工业水平的高度集成,同时也成为实现航天强国地位的关键标志之一。鉴于国际先进水平的对标需求,尤其是美国Falcon9火箭以及星舰垂直起降等成功案例,我国迫切需要加快可重复使用运载火箭的研制步伐。本文围绕火箭燃料贮箱可重复使用关键技术进行了深入探讨,对于多次服役焊接结构制造过程的控制、原位表征技术的研发以及实时评价方法与体系的建立至关重要。在断裂力学理论的坚实支撑下,借助模拟服役典型载荷与足尺寸疲劳试验,对贮箱关键承载位置焊缝的疲劳损伤过程及机理深入探究,制定可重复使用焊接结构性能评价流程,进而搭建铝合金贮箱焊接结构的服役寿命预测模型,这不仅有助于量化支撑重复使用焊接结构耐久性的分析评价,更为研制新一代可重复使用近地载人火箭提供了强有力的技术支持。The core feature of using reusable launch vehicles as the core of their replacement in the development of launch vehicles has undoubtedly highlighted the high level of integration of national industrial standards,and has also become one of the key indicators for achieving space power status.In view of the demand for bench-marking international advanced levels,especially successful cases such as the US Falcon 9 rocket and vertical takeoff and landing of Starship,it is urgent for China to accelerate the development of reusable launch vehicles.This study delves deeply into the key technologies of reusable rocket fuel tank,which are crucial for the control of manufacturing processes for multiple service welded structures,research and development of in-situ characterization techniques,and establishment of real-time evaluation methods and systems.Based on fracture mechanics,by using simulating typical loads and conducting full-scale fatigue tests,the fatigue damage process and mechanism of welded seams at key bearing locations in the fuel tank have been deeply explored.A performance evaluation process for reusable welded structures has been developed,and a service life prediction model for aluminum alloy fuel tank welded structures has been established.This not only helps to quantitatively support the analysis and evaluation of the durability of reusable welded structures,but also provides a powerful technical support for the development of a new generation of reusable near-earth human-carrying rockets.

关 键 词：可重复使用运载器 燃料贮箱 焊接结构 疲劳寿命 

分 类 号：TG405[金属学及工艺—焊接] V475[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]