高能重离子束辐射对黄芪幼苗的生物学效应研究  

Study on the Biological Effects of High-Energy Heavy Ion Beam Irradiation on Astragalus mongholicus Seedlings

作　　者：王圆梦 刘霄 杜艳[2,3] 李雪虎 李萍[2,3] 王富胜 晋玲[1,2,5] 周利斌 WANG Yuanmeng;LIU Xiao;DU Yan;LI Xuehu;LI Ping;WANG Fusheng;JIN Ling;ZHOU Libin(College of Pharmacy,Gansu University of Chinese Medicine,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000;Biomedical Center,Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Dingxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dingxi,Gansu 743000;Northwest Collaborative Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Co-constructed by Gansu Province&MOE of PRC,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000)

机构地区：[1]甘肃中医药大学药学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院近代物理研究所生物物理室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]定西市农业科学研究院,甘肃定西743000 [5]西北中藏药省部共建协同创新中心,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《核农学报》2024年第12期2259-2269,共11页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学基金项目(22JR5RA119);核能开发科研项目“核辐射作物品种改良与害虫防控”;国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1200705);道地药材生态种植及质量保障项目(国中医药科技[2020]153号)。

摘　　要：为了探讨不同剂量高能重离子束辐射对中药材黄芪幼苗的生物学效应以及黄芪重离子束辐射诱变育种的推荐剂量,利用不同剂量的重离子束辐射7日苗龄的黄芪幼苗,在辐射后第10天测定了存活率、幼苗高度、叶片数、茎秆直径、鲜根重和叶形态参数;辐射后第20天起,每隔20 d测量叶片中叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数、抗氧化酶活性和氧化指数。结果表明,随辐射剂量的增加,黄芪幼苗的存活率、株高和鲜根重相对于对照组都有所下降。5和10 Gy辐射后,鲜根重量分别减少31.80%和49.99%。辐射组幼苗的第1和第2分枝的叶片出现畸形、萎缩和形态损伤。辐射后第20天,辐射组的活性氧、膜质过氧化物和叶绿素含量与对照组相比显著下降,而辐射后第60天,与对照组相当。辐射后,除最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))略有增加外,黄芪幼苗的叶绿素荧光参数均有所下降。本研究结果表明:随重离子束辐射剂量的增加,黄芪幼苗的生长发育受到抑制;辐射后随着植株的生长,辐射对生长的抑制作用有所缓解;推荐的诱变剂量区间为10 Gy左右。本研究结果为黄芪高能重离子束辐射诱变育种提供了必要的基础数据。This study aims to investigate the biological effects of different doses of high-energy heavy ion beam(HIB)irradiation on the seedlings of Astragalus mongholicus(A.mongholicus),a traditional Chinese medicinal plant,and to determine the optimal dose for HIB irradiation mutagenesis breeding.The 7-day-old seedlings of A.membranaceus were exposed to different doses of HIB irradiation,and the survival rate,seedling height,leaf number,stem diameter,fresh root weight,and leaf morphology parameters were measured on the 10th day after irradiation.Chlorophyll content,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,antioxidant enzyme activities,and oxidative indices were determined in the leaves at 20-day intervals,starting 20 days after irradiation.The results showed that with increasing irradiation dose,the survival rate,plant height,and fresh root weight of seedlings decreased compare to the control group.After irradiation with 5 Gy and 10 Gy,the fresh root weight decreased by 31.80%and 49.99%,respectively.The leaves on the first and second branches of the irradiated groups exhibited deformities,shriveling,and morphological damage.On the 20th day after irradiation,the levels of reactive oxygen species,membrane lipid peroxides,and chlorophyll content in the irradiated groups decreased significantly compared to the control group.However,by the 60th day,these levels were comparable to those in the control group.After irradiation,there was a slight increase in F_(v)/F_(m),while the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the seedlings decreased.These results suggest that as the dose of HIB irradiation dose increased,the growth and development of A.membranaceus seedlings were inhibited.However,the inhibitory effect on seedling growth was alleviated as the plant grew post-irradiation.The recommended dose range for optimal results is approximately 10 Gy.This study provides essential basic data for HIB irradiation mutagenesis breeding of A.membranaceus.

关 键 词：黄芪 重离子束 辐射 光合特性 生物学效应 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]