三种生理调节物质对高温胁迫下番茄幼苗生长发育的影响  

Effects of Three Exogenous Substances on the Growth and Development of Tomato Seedlings under High Temperature Stress

作　　者：陈馨 梅林泉 李奕轩 胡永波 何宇轩 刘爽[1] CHEN Xin;MEI Linquan;LI Yixuan;HU Yongbo;HE Yuxuan;LIU Shuang(College of Horticulture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学园艺学院,福建福州350002

出　　处：《核农学报》2024年第12期2411-2420,共10页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：福建省闽江学者科研基金(116-114120019);福建农林大学乡村振兴服务团队“设施种苗工程服务团队”建设项目(11899170126)。

摘　　要：为探究褪黑素、亚精胺、水杨酸三种生理调节物质对高温胁迫下番茄幼苗生长发育的影响,本试验以中杂9号番茄为试验材料,在高温胁迫(37℃/27℃,昼/夜)下,采用不同浓度外源褪黑素(0.05、0.15、0.2、0.3 mmol·L^(-1))、亚精胺(0.2、0.5、1.0、1.5 mmol·L^(-1))、水杨酸(0.1、0.3、0.4、0.6 mmol·L^(-1))进行叶面喷施处理,于处理第21天(花芽分化结束)测定番茄幼苗株高、茎粗、地上部和地下部干鲜重、叶绿素含量、根系长度、根系直径、根系表面积、分根数、花芽大小及花芽数量,并分析花芽分化速率。结果表明,与常温对照相比,高温胁迫显著降低番茄幼苗的株高、茎粗、地上部和地下部干鲜重、根系长度和根系表面积以及叶绿素含量,并使花芽分化提前、花芽分化进程延长、花芽大小减小、花芽数量减少。增施0.5 mmol·L^(-1)亚精胺可使高温胁迫番茄幼苗茎粗、根长、根系表面积、根系直径和根尖数显著增加,恢复至常温对照水平,且该处理下的壮苗指数最优;增施1.0 mmol·L^(-1)亚精胺和0.3 mmol·L^(-1)水杨酸可使高温胁迫番茄幼苗花芽大小、花芽分化时间和花芽分化速率恢复至常温对照水平;而各浓度褪黑素处理对促进高温胁迫番茄幼苗生长发育效果不显著。综上,外源喷施适宜浓度亚精胺和水杨酸可不同程度缓解高温胁迫对番茄幼苗的损伤,促进番茄幼苗生长发育。本研究结果为番茄幼苗耐高温生产提供了技术参考。To explore the effects of melatonin,spermidine and salicylic acid on the growth and development of tomato seedlings under high temperature stress,tomato Zhongza No.9 was used as the experimental material.Under high temperature stress(37℃/27℃),different concentrations of exogenous melatonin(0.05,0.15,0.2,0.3 mmol·L^(-1)),spermidine(0.2,0.5,1.0,1.5 mmol·L^(-1))and salicylic acid(0.1,0.3,0.4,0.6 mmol·L^(-1))were sprayed on leaf surface.On the 21st day of treatment(after the end of flower bud differentiation),the plant height,stem diameter,fresh and dry weight of the aboveground part and underground part,chlorophyll content,root length,root diameter,root surface area,number of branches,flower bud size,and flower bud number of tomato seedlings were measured,and the rate of flower bud differentiation was analyzed.The results showed that,compared with control,high temperature stress significantly reduced the plant height,stem diameter,fresh and dry weight of the aboveground and underground parts,root length and root surface area,as well as the chlorophyll content of tomato seedlings.Meanwhile,the high temperature stress advanced flower bud differentiation,prolonged the process of flower bud differentiation,reduced the size of flower buds,and decreased the number of flower buds.The application of 0.5 mmol·L^(-1) spermidine significantly increased the stem diameter,root length,root surface area,root diameter,and number of root tips of tomato seedlings under high temperature stress,restoring them to the level of the normal temperature with the optimal seedling vigor index.The application of 1.0 mmol·L^(-1) spermidine and 0.3 mmol·L^(-1) salicylic acid restored the flower bud size,flower bud differentiation time,and flower bud differentiation rate of tomato seedlings under high temperature stress to the level of the normal temperature.However,there was no significant effects of melatonin treatments at various concentrations on the growth and development of tomato seedlings under high temperature stress.Therefore,i

关 键 词：番茄 高温胁迫 生长发育 花芽分化 外源物质 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]