不同植物对河西盐渍土的改良效果  

The Effects of Different Plants on Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement in the Hexi Region

作　　者：李晓瑾 郭丽琢[1,2] 高玉红 剡斌[1,2] 何振邦 姜雪 马敬 LI Xiaojin;GUO Lizhuo;GAO Yuhong;YAN Bin;HE Zhenbang;JIANG Xue;MA Jing(College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070;State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《核农学报》2024年第12期2442-2450,共9页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：甘肃省科技重大专项子课题(21ZD4NA023-02)。

摘　　要：为明确不同植物对盐渍土的改良效果,本研究对比分析了种植白茎盐生草(Halogeton arachnoideus Moq.)、盐地碱蓬[Suaeda salsa(L.)Pall.]、碱茅草[Puccinellia distans(Jacq.)Parl.]、苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)、毛叶苕子(Vicia villosa Roth)、箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa L.)、甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor cv.Dochn)、大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)和燕麦(Avena sativa L.)9种耐盐植物对河西盐渍土理化性质的影响。结果表明,与裸地相比,9种植物使耕层土壤容重降低9.15%~21.87%,总孔隙度及非毛管孔隙度分别提升3.58~9.85和6.27~13.37个百分点,其中盐地碱蓬对容重的降幅最大,而甜高粱对孔隙度的提升效果最好。9种植物收获后土壤的含盐量及钠吸附比分别较裸地降低0.45~0.52个百分点和80.99%~90.56%,其中毛叶苕子对土壤盐碱程度的降低效果最好,其全盐、电导率、钠吸附比及pH值分别较裸地降低0.52个百分点、26.84%、84.50%及0.35个单位。各供试植物收获后,耕层土壤的碱解氮含量较裸地增加3.43%~151.90%,速效磷和速效钾含量无显著变化或降低。综上,种植耐盐植物改善了耕层土壤的通透性能,降低了其盐渍化程度;供试植物对盐渍土的改良效果表现为白茎盐生草>苜蓿>盐地碱蓬>大麦>毛叶苕子>甜高粱>燕麦>箭筈豌豆>碱茅草。本研究结果为盐渍土的植物改良及合理开发利用提供了理论依据。To clarify the effect of different plants on saline soil improvement,a field experiment was used to study the effects of salt-tolerant plants on soil physicochemical properties and soil salinization degree.The nine salt-tolerant plants were Halogeton glomeratus,Suaeda salsa,Puccinellia chinampoensis,alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.),Vicia villosa,Vicia sativa,sweet sorghum(Sorghum bicolor cv.Dochn),barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)and oat(Avena sativa L.),and bare soil as the control(CK).The results showed that,compared with CK,the salt-tolerant plants reduced bulk density of topsoil by 9.15%-21.87%,increased total soil porosity and non-capillary porosity by 3.58-9.85 and 6.27-13.37 percentage point respectively.Planting S.salsa had the greatest reduction of soil bulk density and planting sweet sorghum had the greatest increase of soil porosity.Compared with CK,the nine planting treatments effectively reduced soil salt content and sodium adsorption ratio(SAR)by 0.45-0.52 percentage point and 80.99-90.56%,respectively,and planting V.villosa had the greatest effect on soil salinity and alkalinity reduction,which reduced total salt,electrical conductivity,SAR and pH value by 0.52 percentage point,26.84%,84.50%,and 0.35 unit,respectively.After salt-tolerant plant harvested,compared with CK,the alkaline nitrogen content of topsoil increased by 3.43%-151.90%,while the available phosphorus and potassium had no significant change.In summary,planting salt-tolerant plants improved topsoil permeability and reduced its salinization degree,the improvement effect of each tested plant on saline soil was H.glomeratus>alfalfa>S.salsa>barley>V.villosa>sweet sorghum>oat>V.sativa>P.chinampoensis.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for plant improvement and rational development and utilization of saline soil.

关 键 词：盐渍土 植物改良 土壤理化性质 土壤盐渍化 土壤改良效果 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]