高含蜡页岩油智能投球收球清防蜡技术  

Wax removal and control technology using intelligent ball pitcher and receiver for high-wax shale oil

作　　者：邹伟 黄战卫 刘凯旋 魏迎龙[2] 杨超 毛森 张倚绮 宫建国 ZOU Wei;HUANG Zhanwei;LIU Kaixuan;WEI Yinglong;YANG Chao;Mao Sen;ZHANG Yiqi;GONG Jianguo(Shale Oil Development Branch,PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company,Qingyang 745000,Gansu,China;First Gas Production Plant of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company,Yulin 718500,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油长庆油田页岩油开发分公司,甘肃庆阳745000 [2]中国石油长庆油田分公司第一采气厂,陕西榆林718500

出　　处：《石油钻采工艺》2024年第2期248-257,共10页Oil Drilling & Production Technology

基　　金：国家科技重大专项“鄂尔多斯盆地致密油开发示范工程”(编号:2017ZX05069);中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大专项“鄂尔多斯盆地页岩油勘探开发理论与关键技术研究”(编号:2021DJ1806)。

摘　　要：庆城页岩油具有含蜡量高、析蜡温度高、出砂量高等“三高”特征,地面集输管道结蜡、出砂频繁,管道缩径严重,造成油井回压升高,严重制约了油井高效生产。为降低油井回压对页岩油生产的影响,探索应用了智能投球收球清蜡、防蜡技术。针对传统的手动投收球劳动强度大、自动投收球器故障率高、清蜡球刮蜡效果差、清蜡球运行状态无法追踪及新老系统工艺不匹配等问题,开展了自动投球器6项技术改进和自动收球器4项技术优化,清蜡球结构、材质改进,自动投收球器、清蜡球系列化设计,新老系统3类工艺流程优化,投收球智能监控技术配套,建立了高含蜡页岩油智能投收球清防蜡技术体系。现场应用结果表明:与改造前相比,3条输油管道自然收球率均提升至100%,平台油井平均回压由2.1 MPa下降至0.7 MPa,管道平均扫线周期由45 d延长至313d,清蜡球识别率达到97%以上,清蜡球运行状况实现智能监控。高含蜡页岩油智能投收球清防蜡技术实现了页岩油输油管道投收球清防蜡智能监控,满足页岩油大平台无人值守需求,助推庆城页岩油规模效益开发。Shale oil in Qingcheng oilfield has such characteristics as high wax content,high wax precipitation temperature,and high sand production rate.The aboveground gathering pipeline suffers frequently from wax and sand,resulting in serious pipeline diameter reduction,which causes the rise of back pressure in the oil wells,thus severely restricting the efficient production.In order to reduce the impact of oil well back pressure on shale oil production,the application of wax removal and control technology using intelligent ball pitcher and receiver was attempted.Aiming at the problems of high labour intensity of traditional manual ball pitching and receiving operation,high failure rate of automatic pitcher and receiver,poor wax cutting effect,inability to trace the running status of wax removal ball,and mismatch of new and old systems,6 technological improvements of automatic ball pitcher and 4 t echnological optimizations of automatic ball receiver have been carried out,wax removal ball structure and material has been improved,serial design of automatic ball pitcher and receiver and ball has been achieved,process optimization of 3 types of new and old systems have been conducted.Intelligent monitoring and control technology for the ball operation has been developed,thereby,the wax removal and control technology using intelligent ball pitcher and receiver for high-wax shale oil has been finalized.The field application shows that the natural receiving rate of all three oil pipelines has been increased to 100%compared with that ever,the average back pressure of oil wells has been decreased from 2.1 MPa to 0.7 MPa,the average pipeline purging cycle has been extended to 313 days from 45 days,the recognition rate of wax removal ball has been over 97%,and the operation status of wax removal ball has been intelligently monitored.Wax removal and control technology using intelligent ball pitcher and receiver for high-wax shale oil realizes the intelligent monitoring of wax removal and control using ball pitcher and receiver in s

关 键 词：页岩油 油气开采 机械清蜡 化学清蜡 高含蜡 智能 投收球 

分 类 号：TE974.9[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备] TE832.36