平遥话“复合式动量双宾”结构研究——从“双及物”到“致使”的创新演变  

A Research of Compound Verbal Measuring Double-object Construction in Pingyao Dialect

作　　者：孙天琦[1] 王怡璇 Sun Tianqi;Wang Yixuan(School of Liberal Arts,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院,北京100872

出　　处：《语言科学》2024年第5期464-475,共12页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目(22YJA740026)的资助。

摘　　要：文章观察到在晋语平遥方言中动量成分可以出现在由“V给”构成的双宾结构中,形成非常有特色的“复合式动量双宾”结构,如“踢给兀家一脚”“冻给狗日一晚间”“跌给你一跤”等。平遥话中的“复合动量双宾式”不仅丰富了汉语双及物和致使范畴的表现形式,也展示了“V给”结构经由“双及物”到“致使”的独特发展路径。文章论证了平遥话中的“动量双宾式”既可以表达“给予”义,又可以表达“致使”义。其中,“踢给兀家一脚”类“动量双宾式”是把动作隐喻为转移物的“双及物结构”;而“冻给狗日一晚间”“跌给你一跤”类“动量双宾式”是可以表达“使令”及“允让”情景的致使结构。给予义“动量双宾式”中的“给”表示“给予义”,允准“准动量”;而致使义“动量双宾式”中的“给”表示“蒙受义”,允准“真动量”。伴随着“给”及“动量成分”的性质变化,“动量双宾式”展示出“给”字结构经由双及物结构向致使演变的独特类型。It is observed that“V-gei”double object constructions in Pingyao dialect can license verbal measure words,forming a special“compound verbal measuring double-object construction”(henceforth VMDOC),such as“踢给兀家一脚”“冻给狗日一晚间”and“跌给你一跤”,etc.This paper claims that VMDOC in Pingyao dialect can express both“giving”and“causation”meanings.VMDOC exemplified by“踢给兀家一脚”belongs to ditransitive constructions in which actions are identified as transferred objects.While VMDOC exemplified by“冻给狗日一晚间”“跌给你一跤”should be categorized as causative constructions which includes“permissive”and“general”causatives.In the former“gei”express“giving”meaning and verbal measure words are quasi-classifiers.While in the latter“gei”express“affective”meaning and verbal measure words are true classifiers.With the functional change of“gei”and verbal classifiers,VMDOC evolved from ditransitives to causatives.

关 键 词：“V给” 动量双宾结构 双及物结构 致使结构 致使演变 

分 类 号：H179[语言文字—汉语]