从柳叶刀尖到梓人绳墨--医生“建筑师”与中国近代早期教会医院  

From Lancets’Point to Builders’Criteria:Doctor-Architects and Missionary Hospitals in Early Modern China

作　　者：彭长歆[1,2] 成玲萱 PENG Changxin;CHENG Lingxuan

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学建筑学院 [2]华南理工大学亚热带建筑与城市科学全国重点实验室

出　　处：《建筑师》2024年第5期37-44,共8页The Architect

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项(21VJXT011)“广州一口通商时期东西方建筑文化交互影响研究”。

摘　　要：作为一种新的建筑类型,现代医院在华创建肇始于西医东渐及其空间营建。医学传教运动对此影响深远,教会医院因而成为中国近代医疗建筑的主要类型,其中尤以基督教会的设计实践最为突出。而在中国近代早期教会医院设计中,由于缺乏专业建筑师的介入,医学传教士们不得不承担起诊疗、传教和建造等多重责任,扮演医生“建筑师”的角色。从柳叶刀尖到梓人绳墨,医生“建筑师”在中国近代教会医院设计中的早期探索既体现了西方教会建筑在中国的调适,也开启了中国现代医院建筑的类型化发展,是中西医学交流的物质空间见证和中西建筑交流的特殊类型例证。As a new architectural type,the establishment of modern hospitals in China began with the eastward spreading and the spatial construction of Western Medicine.The medical missionary movement had a profound impact on it,making missionary hospitals the main type of modern medical architecture in China,especially the design practice of Christian Churches.In the design of missionary hospitals in early modern China,due to the lack of professional architects,medical missionaries had to take on multi-responsibilities of medical treatment,evangelism,and construction,playing the role of doctor-architects.From lancets’point to builders’criteria,the doctor-architects’early exploration of missionary hospital design in modern China both embodies the adaptation of Western missionary architecture in China and starts the typological development of Chinese modern hospital,being the physical-space witness of East-West medical exchange and a special-type example of East-West architectural exchange.

关 键 词：中国近代建筑 教会医院 西医东渐 医学传教 

分 类 号：TU-092.1[建筑科学—建筑理论] TU-092.7