粤港澳大湾区近海浮游植物群落结构特征及其驱动因素  

Phytoplankton community structure and its driving factors in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

作　　者：张良奎 林雅君 向晨晖 黄亚东 郑传阳 宋星宇[1,2,4,5] ZHANG Liangkui;LIN Yajun;XIANG Chenhui;HUANG Yadong;ZHENG Chuanyang;SONG Xingyu(Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology(LMB),South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou),Guangzhou 511458,China;Nansha Marine Ecological and Environmental Research Station,Guangzhou 510301,China;Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering,CAS,Guangzhou 510301,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室,广州510301 [2]三亚海洋生态环境工程研究院,三亚572000 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广州511458 [5]中国科学院南沙海洋生态环境实验站,广州510301

出　　处：《生态科学》2024年第4期1-10,共10页Ecological Science

基　　金：海南省科技计划(2021CXLH0011);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0404);国家自然科学基金(41890853);国家科技基础资源调查专项(2018FY10010005);中国科学院南海生态环境工程创新研究院自主部署项目(NO.ISEE2018ZD02);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2015CB452904);国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0506302,2016YFC0502805)。

摘　　要：2019年7月和2020年12月对粤港澳大湾区近海浮游植物群落结构及潜在环境影响因子进行了调查研究。夏季和冬季分别鉴定出浮游植物151种和146种,群落主要以硅藻为主,甲藻次之。夏季浮游植物表底层平均丰度(13.75±3.98)×10^(4)个·L^(-1)高于冬季平均丰度(3.17±0.30)×10^(4)个·L^(-1),而夏季多样性指数和均匀度表底层平均值,分别为(2.36±0.23)和(0.61±0.06)低于冬季平均值,分别为(3.65±0.12)和(0.85±0.02)。优势种具有明显的季节演替现象,夏季优势种为尖刺拟菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia pungens)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和柔弱伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima);冬季优势种为具槽直链藻(Melosira sulcata var.sulcata)、舟形藻(Naviculas sp.)、菱形海线藻(Thalassionema nitzschioides)、长菱形藻(Nitzschia longissima)和小环藻(Cyclotella spp.)。典范对应分析、Pearson相关性分析及聚类分析的综合结果表明,温度是影响浮游植物丰度与群落结构的重要环境因子之一,其他主要影响因子还包括盐度、营养盐和混浊度。大湾区浮游植物群落在夏季和冬季均存在较明显的区域差异性,这与季风、珠江径流、陆源排放等驱动因素的综合影响密切相关。The phytoplankton community structure and potential environmental impact factors in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area were investigated in July 2019 and December 2020.151 and 146 species of phytoplankton were identified in summer and winter,respectively,and the community was dominated by diatoms,followed by dinoflagellates.The average abundance of phytoplankton in summer(13.75±3.98)×10^(4) ind·L^(-1) was higher than that in winter(3.17±0.30)×10^(4) ind·L^(-1).The mean values of diversity index and evenness in summer(2.36±0.23)and(0.61±0.06)were lower than those in winter(3.65±0.12)and(0.85±0.02).The dominant species had obvious seasonal succession.The dominant species were Pseudo-nitzschia Pungens,Skeletonema costatum,and Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima in summer and Melosira sulcata var.sulcata,Naviculas sp.,Thalassionema nitzschioides,Nitzschia longissima and Cyclotella spp.in winter,respectively.The results of canonical correspondence analysis,Pearson correlation analysis and cluster analysis showed that temperature was one of the important environmental factors affecting phytoplankton abundance and community structure,and the other main factors included salinity,nutrient and turbidity.The phytoplankton communities in the Greater Bay Area showed obvious regional differences in summer and winter,which was closely related to the comprehensive influence of driving factors such as monsoon,Pearl River runoff and terrigenous emissions.

关 键 词：粤港澳大湾区 珠江口 浮游植物 群落结构 

分 类 号：P735[天文地球—海洋生物学]