川西林盘8种典型树种凋落物的蓄积量及其持水特性  

Accumulation amounts and water holding characteristics of litter in the typical 8 tree species of Linpan settlements in the western Sichuan Plain

作　　者：宗桦[1] 姚怡宁 刘兰[1] 张莲[1] ZONG Hua;YAO Yining;LIU Lan;ZHANG Lian(Department of Landscape,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学风景园林系,成都610031

出　　处：《生态科学》2024年第4期18-26,共9页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31971716,32271945);四川省社科135规划项目(SC19B138)。

摘　　要：凋落物在维持林地的土壤水分、肥力和养分平衡等方面发挥着重要的作用。但迄今为止,川西林盘的凋落物对雨水的吸持和拦截效应还未见报道。采用室外调查和室内浸泡相结合的方法,在分别生长有8种典型林盘树种的纯林地中设置样方,收集并测试其凋落物的蓄积量及其持水特性。结果显示,8种树种的地表凋落物年总蓄积量均值为(7935.52±6042.96)kg·hm^(-2),土壤中凋落物年总蓄积量均值为(2765.70±2206.40)kg·hm^(-2)。8种树种的凋落物年蓄积量差异显著,落叶树种的年凋落物蓄积总量是常绿树种的1.29倍,具体表现为:枫杨>慈竹>构树>香樟>雷竹>银杏>水杉>黑壳楠。土壤中凋落物的自然持水率(4.54%—20.39%)高于其地表凋落物的自然持水率(4.97%—10.01%)。地表和土壤凋落物的吸水速率均在浸泡5分钟后达到峰值,12小时后达到饱和,其吸水速率和浸泡时间极显著相关。地表凋落物的有效持水量、有效持水率和凋落物径流拦蓄量均高于土壤中的凋落物。凋落物径流拦蓄量与蓄积量呈极显著相关,枫杨(66.02 t·hm^(-2))和慈竹(60.06 t·hm^(-2))凋落物的径流拦蓄总量显著地高于其他树种。此外,地表凋落物和土壤中凋落物的径流拦蓄量还分别与凋落物的有效持水率和最大持水量显著相关。广泛栽植径流拦蓄能力最强的枫杨、慈竹和构树,有利于川西平原的水源涵养和水土保持。Litters play an important role in maintaining the soil moisture(holding,interception and evaporation),fertility,and nutrient balance of forests.But so far,no reports have focused on the rainfall absorption and interception effects of litters in Linpan settlement(or simply Linpan).In order to explore the accumulation and water holding characteristics of the litters,both on the ground surface and in the soil of 8 pure forests in Linpan were measured,using a combination method of outdoor investigation and indoor immersion experiment.Results showed that the mean annual accumulation amount of litters on the ground surface of the eight tree species was(7935.52±6042.96)kg·hm^(-2),and the mean annual accumulation amount of litters in the soil was(2765.70±2206.40)kg·hm^(-2).The litter accumulations among the 8 forest species were significantly different.The mean annual litter accumulation of deciduous forest species(11944.14 kg·hm^(-2))was 1.29 times of that of evergreen trees(9265.00 kg·hm^(-2)).The litter accumulations were in following sequence:Pterocarya stenoptera>Neosinocalamus affinis>Broussonetia papyrifera>Cinnamomum camphora>Phyllostachys praecox>Ginkgo biloba>Metasequoia glyptostroboide>Lindera megaphylla.The natural water holding rate of litters in the soil(4.54%-20.39%)was much higher than that of litters(4.97%-10.01%)on the ground surface.The water absorption rate of litters reached a peak after 5 minutes of soaking,and then reached saturation after 12 hours of soaking.The water absorption rate of litter was significantly related to the soaking time.The effective water holding capacity,effective water holding rate,and the runoff interception capacity of litter on the ground surface,were higher than those of litter in the soil.There was a significant correlation between the runoff interception volume and litter’s accumulation amount.The runoff interception volumes of P.stenoptera(66.02 t·hm^(-2))and N.affinis(60.06 t·hm^(-2))were obviously higher than those of other trees.In addition,the runoff inte

关 键 词：林盘 树种 凋落物 蓄积量 持水特性 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]