中国陆地生态系统生态敏感性评价  

Evaluation of ecological sensitivity of terrestrial ecosystem in China

作　　者：李元征 冯智志 李立 杨晓雨 柳敏 王文静 LI Yuanzheng;FENG Zhizhi;LI Li;YANG Xiaoyu;LIU Min;WANG Wenjing(School of Resources and Environment,Henan University of Economics and Law,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Academician Laboratory for Urban and Rural Spatial Data Mining of Henan Province,Zhengzhou,450046,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;China Urban Construction Design&Research Institute Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100120,China)

机构地区：[1]河南财经政法大学资源与环境学院,郑州450046 [2]河南省城乡空间数据挖掘院士工作站,郑州450046 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [4]中国城市建设研究院有限公司,北京100120

出　　处：《生态科学》2024年第4期129-139,共11页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31600375,41901238);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(24A170005);河南省科技攻关计划项目(222102320246,232102110039)。

摘　　要：良好生态环境是实现可持续发展的基础。全国范围生态敏感性评价鲜有报道,且在研究内容与方法上存有不足。基于空间信息技术,利用遥感、气象、土壤等数据,评价全国陆地生态系统五种生态问题及其综合的生态敏感性,并在国家、生态区与流域片三个地理单元层面上分析其区域分布特征。结果表明:①23.48%和3.78%区域分别为土地沙化和冻融侵蚀极敏感区。前者主要分布在西北地区和青藏高原西北部,后者主要在青藏高原和西北地区山区。59.36%、51.26%、9.56%区域分别为水土流失、土地沙化和冻融侵蚀敏感区。石漠化与土地盐渍化的极敏感区与敏感区均较少。②26.00%和68.17%区域的综合生态敏感性分别为极敏感和敏感。前者主要分布在西北地区和青藏高原西北部,后者广泛分布在除长江中下游平原和苏北外的地区。高敏感地理单元主要包括两生态区(西北>世界屋脊)与三流域片(内陆河>黄河>西南诸河)。研究结果可为区域生态保护与高质量发展、国土空间优化提供一定理论依据。A healthy ecological environment is the foundation of sustainable development.Nevertheless,the studies were rarely reported on assessing the ecological sensitivity in the whole China.Moreover,some deficiencies existed in the research content and methods.The ecological sensitivity of five ecological issues and their comprehensive ecological sensitivity were evaluated for the terrestrial ecosystem in China using spatial information technology and multi-source data,including remotely sensed data,meteorology data,soil data,etc.Moreover,the regional distribution characteristics were analyzed for the sensitivity mentioned above at the levels of five geographical units,including the nation,ecological zones,and basin films.The results showed that:(1)China's 23.48% and 3.78% regions were extremely sensitive to land desertification and freeze-thaw erosion,respectively.The former areas were mainly distributed in northwest China and northwest Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The latter regions were primarily in the mountainous regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and northwest China.China's 59.36%,51.26%,and 9.56 regions were sensitive to water-caused soil erosion,land desertification,and freeze-thaw erosion,respectively.A few regions were extremely sensitive or sensitive to rocky desertification or land salinization.(2)The comprehensive ecological sensitivity was extremely sensitive and sensitive for China's 26.00% and 68.17% regions,respectively.The former areas were mainly distributed in northwest China and the northwest Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The latter regions were widely distributed except the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and northern Jiangsu Province.The highly sensitive geographic units mainly included two ecological zones(the northwest ecological zone>roof of the world ecological zone)and three basin films(the inland rivers basin film>Yellow River basin film>southwest rivers basin film).The results can provide a theoretical basis for regional ecological protection and high-quality development,optimization of sp

关 键 词：冻融侵蚀 土地沙化 水土流失 石漠化 盐渍化 GIS 

分 类 号：P951[天文地球—自然地理学] X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]