基于事故树分析的气氢合建站安全风险评价  

Risk assessment of natural gas and hydrogen joint construction station based on Fault Tree Analysis

作　　者：何太碧 王淋 许苏予 胡鹏飞 何风成 HE Taibi;WANG Lin;XU Suyu;HU Pengfei;HE Fengcheng(School of Automotive and Transportation,Xihua University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610000,China;Guoneng Chongqing Wind Power Development Co.,Ltd,Chongqi 400025,China)

机构地区：[1]西华大学汽车与交通学院,四川成都610000 [2]国能重庆风电开发有限公司,重庆400025

出　　处：《世界石油工业》2024年第5期91-100,共10页World Petroleum Industry

基　　金：中国石油西南油气田分公司天然气经济研究所重点项目“川渝地区氢能市场调研”(RH2300002413)。

摘　　要：加氢站与加油站、天然气加气站、充电站等联合建设的站称为加氢合建站,加氢合建站具有解决土地占用、降低建站及运营成本、提升市场竞争力等多重优势。气氢合建站由于站内所存储的天然气和氢气具有易燃烧、易泄漏的特性,在运营过程中面临诸多安全问题。开展气氢合建站火灾爆炸事故的安全风险评价研究具有重要意义。采用鱼骨图分析法,从站内所用物料、设施设备以及人员因素等方面,辨识气氢合建站的危险源;以“气氢合建站火灾爆炸”为顶上事件,建立事故树模型,通过计算事故树的最小割集、最小径集和结构重要度,对导致顶上事件发生的基本事件进行排序,确定关键基本事件,提出针对气氢合建站火灾爆炸事故的安全措施,保障气氢合建站安全长周期运行。研究结果表明:在原有的常规加气站增设加氢设备后,风险因素更加多变、复杂;影响气氢合建站火灾爆炸事故发生的潜在路径较多,制约事故发生的路径较少,气氢合建站的火灾爆炸事故风险较高;气氢合建站应从通风系统、站内保护装置、点火源以及气体泄漏等4个方面制定安全措施,保障气氢合建站的安全运营。The hydrogen refueling station that is jointly built with petrol station,natural gas filling station,charging station,etc.is called a hydrogen refueling co-located station.The advantages of hydrogen refueling co-located station include solving land occupation,reducing the cost of station construction and operation,and enhancing market competitiveness.Among them,natural gas-hydrogen co-built stations face numerous safety problems during operation due to the flammable and leak-prone characteristics of the natural gas and hydrogen stored in the station,making it important to conduct a safety risk evaluation study of natural gas-hydrogen co-built station fires and explosions.Using the fishbone diagram analysis method,the study identifies the hazard sources of natural gas-hydrogen co-built stations from the perspectives of materials,facilities and equipment,and personnel factors.The study establishes a fault tree model with"natural gas-hydrogen co-built station fire and explosion"as the top event,and through the calculation of the minimum cut set,minimum branch set,and structural importance,the study ranks the basic events that lead to the top event and determines the critical basic events.The study then proposes safety measures for natural gas-hydrogen co-built station fires and explosions to ensure safe and long-term operation of the station.The research findings show that:(1)After adding hydrogen refueling equipment to the existing conventional natural gas filling station,the risk factors become more variable and complex;(2)There are many potential pathways that can lead to natural gas-hydrogen co-built station fires and explosions,while the pathways that limit the occurrence of accidents are relatively few,and the risk of gas-hydrogen co-built station fires and explosions is high.(3)Safety measures should be taken from four aspects,including ventilation system,on-site protection devices,ignition sources,and gas leaks,to ensure the safe operation of a natural gas-hydrogen co-located station.

关 键 词：气氢合建站 鱼骨图 事故树分析 危险源辨识 安全措施 风险评价 

分 类 号：TE88[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]