积习难变:明代嘉靖时期蓟镇防御策略的选择  

Old Habits Are Hard to Change:the Choice of Defending Strategies of Jizhen During the Jiajing Period of the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：乔宇 董晓月 QIAO Yu;DONG Xiaoyue

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院历史系 [2]首都师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《北京档案》2024年第10期60-65,共6页Beijing Archives

摘　　要：蓟镇毗邻北京且为京师屏障,在明朝中期以来的边镇防御体系中具有十分重要的地位。庚戌之变时京营虚弱导致蒙古俺答长驱直入,调兵于蓟镇屏卫京师的方略得到了明廷的暂时支持。庚戌之变后,嘉靖帝推行练蓟镇主兵减入卫军兵的策略,总督王忬消极应对受到处罚。严嵩集团借此渲染练兵论,否定调兵论。兵部郎中唐顺之上书言事,指出了蓟镇的根本问题并提出班军方案,但是否被采纳尚未得知。嘉靖后期蓟镇练兵陷入困境,在皇帝的干预下虽然一度出现些许好转,但总体上效果不佳,明廷撤入卫军兵之目的未能实现,蓟镇调兵入卫防御的积习未得到有效改变。Jizhen,which is adjacent to Bei-jing and a barrier for the capital,played a very important role in the border town defense sys-tem since the middle of Ming Dynasty.During the conflict between the Ming government and Mongolian Altan khan in 1550,the Jingy-ing army were too weak to defeat Altan khan.It led to Mongolian Altan khan entered directly without resistance.The strategy of transferring troops to Jizhen to defend the capital was tem-porarily supported by the Ming government.Af-ter the Gengxu war during the 1550,Jiajing emperor carried out the strategy of reducing the guard army and training the main troops.Wangshu,who was Jizhen governor,was pun-ished for his passive response.By means of exaggerating the theory of troops training,the Yansong Group refuted the theory of deploy-ment.Tang Shunzhi,a director of the Bureau of Military of war,pointed out the fundamental problems of Jizhen and proposed a plan for withdrawing troops,but whether it was adopt-ed was not yet known.During the late period of Jiajing,the training army in Jizhen was in trouble.Although the emperor's intervention made a slight improvement,the overall effect was not good,and the Ming government failed to achieve the purpose of withdrawing the troops.The old habit of sending troops to de-fend Jizhen has not been effectively changed.

关 键 词：调兵 练兵 嘉靖 蓟镇 北京 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] E291[政治法律—中外政治制度] K248[军事—军事理论]