木结构墙体空气声隔声性能  

Investigation of Airborne Sound Insulation Performance in Timber Structure Walls

作　　者：岳孔[1] 程相宇 张玉才 吴鹏 石鑫磊 郭华瑜[2] Yue Kong;Cheng Xiangyu;Zhang Yucai;Wu Peng;Shi Xinlei;Guo Huayu(College of Civil Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211800;College of Architecture,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211800)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学土木工程学院,南京211800 [2]南京工业大学建筑学院,南京211800

出　　处：《林业科学》2024年第10期104-115,共12页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：江苏省重点研发计划(社会发展面上项目)(BE2022790);江苏省绿色建筑发展专项资金科技支撑项目(苏财建[2021]62号-42)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究全频段范围内木结构墙体空气声隔声性能,明确限制常规构造木骨架墙体隔声性能的瓶颈,揭示设置隔声垫层、改变骨架类型、设置窗体等设计参数对墙体隔声性能的影响规律,提出高空气声隔声等级的木结构墙体体系,为木结构墙体在装配式建筑中的高效应用提供技术支撑。【方法】通过小尺寸材料层面的阻抗管法试验,比较分析60~6300 Hz频率范围内工业级弹性橡胶板(橡胶板)、聚氨酯橡胶隔音减震板(聚氨酯板)和聚苯乙烯挤塑板(XPS板)等隔声垫层的隔声性能;基于实验室法开展全尺寸墙体在100~5000 Hz频率范围内的隔声试验,通过1/3倍频程频段18个中心频率对应的单值隔声量,得到墙体计权隔声量(R_(w))、频谱修正量和隔声等级,并与装配式建筑中广泛应用的蒸压加气混凝土(ALC)墙体和正交胶合木(CLT)墙体进行比较。【结果】相较同一厚度的聚氨酯板和XPS板,全频段范围内橡胶板的隔声量较高,且其隔声性能随板厚增加而提高,试验范围内,10 mm厚橡胶板隔声效率最高。常规构造木骨架墙体的隔声量整体上随声波频率增加而提高,该墙体体系在125和3150 Hz处分别出现明显的共振隔声低谷和吻合隔声低谷,其R_(w)为43 dB,用作隔墙或围护构件时的空气声隔声等级分别为4和3级;在墙骨架和定向刨花板(OSB)间设置10 mm厚橡胶板后,受制于木龙骨的声桥作用,墙体隔声性能提升有限,R_(w)增至45 dB,隔声等级未发生改变,常规构造和设置橡胶板的木骨架墙体体系均不满足现行国家标准对普通住宅墙体的隔声要求。当墙骨架采用轻钢骨架且轻钢骨架两侧均覆面双层石膏板(GB)时,该墙体体系的R_(w)增至50 dB,用作隔墙或围护构件时的空气声隔声等级分别升至6和5级;在石膏板和轻钢骨架间设置10 mm压缩玻璃棉条后,R_(w)增至51 dB,隔声等级未发生改变,该轻钢骨架墙体体系满足现【Objective】The airborne sound insulation performance of timber structure walls is investigated across a full frequency range.It aims to identify the bottlenecks limiting the sound insulation of conventional light wood frame walls,explore the effect of installing sound insulation layers,altering frame type,and setting up windows on wall sound insulation performance,and propose a high airborne sound insulation grade timber wall system.This research provides technical support for the efficient application of timber structure walls in prefabricated buildings.【Method】Using the impedance tube method,small-scale material layer experiments were conducted to compare the sound insulation performance of industrial-grade elastic rubber sheets(rubber sheets),polyurethane rubber soundproofing and shock-absorbing sheets(polyurethane sheets),and polystyrene extruded sheets(XPS sheets)within the 60-6300 Hz frequency range.Full-scale walls sound insulation tests were performed using in the 100-5000 Hz frequencies range using the laboratory method.We obtained single-value sound insulation levels for 18 central frequencies in 1/3 octave bands,determining the wall’s weighted sound insulation index(R_(w)),spectrum adaptation terms,and sound insulation grades.These were compared with autoclaved lightweight concrete(ALC)walls and cross-laminated timber(CLT)walls widely used in prefabricated buildings.【Result】The rubber sheet showed higher sound insulation across the full frequency range compared to the same thickness polyurethane and XPS sheets,with sound insulation performance improving with increased sheet thickness.A 10 mm thick rubber sheet exhibited the highest sound insulation efficiency within the test range.The sound insulation of conventional light wood frame walls increased with sound wave frequency but exhibited significant resonant sound insulation dips at 125 Hz and coincident dips at 3150 Hz,with an R_(w) of 43 dB.When used as partitions or enclosures,the airborne sound insulation grades were 4 and 3,respecti

关 键 词：木结构墙体 空气声隔声性能 隔声垫层 轻钢骨架 计权隔声量 

分 类 号：S781.38[农业科学—木材科学与技术] TU112.5[农业科学—林学]