“小人物”与广益银行清盘事件  

“Little People”and the Liquidation of Kwong Yik Bank

作　　者：吴尔蓓密 庄恭怡 Wu Erbeimi;Zhuang Gongyi

机构地区：[1]暨南大学历史系 [2]暨南大学

出　　处：《近代史学刊》2024年第2期62-74,M0004,共14页Journal of Modern Chinese History

基　　金：广州市社科共建项目“广交会海外影响的历史考察--以新加坡、马来西亚为视角”(项目号:2023GZGJ277);国家社科基金重大项目“近现代海外中华商会研究”(项目号:12&ZD148)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：广益银行是新加坡第一家本土华人银行,因存款限额和借贷标准较低而成为“小人物的银行”。1913年,广益银行因对董事过度放贷而陷入危机,决定自愿清盘。但广大小储户鉴于自愿清盘无法保障自身利益,向法庭提起诉讼,要求法院进行强制清盘,最后法院介入监管清盘过程,并对董事进行了追责。同时,作为“小人物的银行”,广益的倒闭广泛影响新加坡社会民生,引发了社会舆论对这一事件的深刻反思,进而促使政府对《公司法》进行修订,提出限制银行对董事放贷以及采用英文记账以便审查。在立法辩论中,“限制对董事放贷”引起很大争议,而坚持“保护民众小储户的利益”是这一条例最终通过的重要因素。法律修订后,华人银行董事“将银行视为个人金库”的观念开始转变,民众对华人银行的信心得以恢复。这是华人在钱庄银号等传统金融机构、西方银行和华人银行之间继续选择华人银行,最终使华人银行业发展壮大的重要一步。Kwong Yik Bank was the first local Chinese bank in Singapore and known as the“little people’s bank”because of its low deposit limits and lending standards.In 1913,Kwong Yik was in crisis due to excessive lending to its directors and decided to liquidate voluntarily.However,the small Creditors sued the court to carry out compulsory liquidation,in case voluntary liquidation could not protect their interests.Finally,the court intervened to supervise the liquidation and held the directors accountable.At the same time,as a“little people’s bank”,the collapse of Kwong Yik had a wide impact,which triggered profound reflection by public opinion,and further prompted the government to revise the Company Law,proposing to restrict lending to directors and keep books of account in English for review.During the legislative debate,“restricting lending to directors”caused a lot of controversy,and insisting on“protecting the interests of the small depositors”was an important factor in the final passage of this regulation.After the amendment of the law,the Chinese banks directors’concept of“treating the bank as a personal vault”began to change,and the public’s confidence in Chinese banks was restored.This is an important step for the Chinese people to continue to choose Chinese banks rather than traditional Chinese financial institutions or Western banks,and finally make the Chinese banking industry develop and grow.

关 键 词：广益银行 清盘事件 华人银行 新加坡 

分 类 号：F832[经济管理—金融学]