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作 者:黄磊 张华腾[1] Huang Lei;Zhang Huateng
机构地区:[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院
出 处:《近代史学刊》2024年第2期122-138,M0006,M0007,共19页Journal of Modern Chinese History
基 金:国家社科基金重大招标项目“北洋集团与近代社会变迁研究”(项目号:18ZDA197)阶段性成果。
摘 要:军区制度具有巩固国防和厘清军政关系的双重作用,是近代社会发展转型的产物。民初划分军区的主要目的是试图通过重建军政管理体制,将各地的军事力量纳入国家政治的可控范围。划分军区的筹议可分为二次革命前、熊希龄内阁期间以及改建总统制后三个阶段,在此期间曾先后有划分八大军区、九大军区、五大军区等不同主张。然而在南北冲突、府院矛盾、央地博弈以及袁世凯意欲建立独裁统治等因素的影响下,划分军区的任务最终并没有完成,仅留下“军区之过渡”的将军制。民国初年划分军区的目标没有实现,无疑是近代中国政制建设的重大缺失,也是军阀割据形成的重要原因。The military district system has the dual function of consolidating national defense and clarifying military-civilian relations,which is a product of the transformation of modern society.The main purpose of dividing military districts in the early Republic of China was to try to re-build the military-civilian management system and integrate the military forces in various regions into the controllable scope of national politics.The discussions on dividing military districts can be divided into three stages before the Second Revolution,during the Xiong Xiling cabinet period,and after the reform of the presidential system.During this period,various proposals were put for-ward,including dividing the military districts into eight,nine,or five regions.However,due to the influence of the conflict between the north and the south,the conflict between the cabinet and the presidency,the central-local power struggle,and Yuan Shikai’s desire to establish a dictatorial regime,the task of dividing military districts was ultimately not completed,only leaving a“transi-tional military district system.”The failure to achieve the goal of dividing military districts in the early Republic of China was undoubtedly a major shortcoming in China’s political system con-struction and an important reason for the formation of warlordism.
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