狂犬疫苗接种者的临床特征及接种依从性的影响因素分析  

Analysis of clinical characteristics and influencing factors of vaccination compliance of rabies vaccinators

作　　者：黄文婷[1] 何淑滢 陆青[1] 黄伙生 HUANG Wen-ting;HE Shu-ying;Lu Qing;HUANG Huo-sheng(The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Of Sun Yat-Sen University Emergency Department,519000)

机构地区：[1]中山大学附属第五医院急诊医学科,519000

出　　处：《岭南急诊医学杂志》2024年第5期519-521,534,共4页Lingnan Journal of Emergency Medicine

摘　　要：目的:通过分析狂犬疫苗接种者的临床特征及全程接种的依从性,了解影响接种者依从性的相关因素,以便提高暴露人群的疫苗接种依从性,进而降低狂犬病的发生率。方法:收集2932例动物致伤的狂犬疫苗接种者的临床特征数据和疫苗接种情况,根据接种者的依从性进行分组,统计分析影响接种依从性的因素。结果:2932例狂犬疫苗接种者中,暴露季节主要集中在夏、秋季(共53.5%),73.7%的接种者暴露当天即来就诊,74.4%既往未接种过狂犬疫苗。伤口暴露Ⅱ级占85.6%、Ⅲ级占14.4%,8.8%使用了被动免疫制剂。常见的致伤动物依次为猫(62.2%)、狗(33.6%),多为流浪动物(69.3%)。1543(52.6%)例接种者按时完成全程接种。多因素logistic回归分析显示,性别、年龄、暴露当天就诊情况、狂犬疫苗接种史、致伤动物类型是患者狂犬疫苗接种依从性的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:男性、年龄越大、暴露当天即来就诊、有狂犬疫苗接种史、致伤动物为狗(与猫相比)是患者狂犬疫苗接种依从性提高的独立影响因素。提高接种依从性的有效方法是全面普及狂犬病相关知识、有效多样化的健康教育和优化疫苗接种流程。Objective:By analyzing the clinical characteristics of rabies vaccinators and the compliance of full vaccination,the relevant factors affecting the compliance of vaccinated people were understood,so as to improve the vaccination compliance of exposed populations and reduce the incidence of rabies.Methods:The clinical characteristics and vaccination status of 2932 rabies vaccines injured by animals were collected and grouped according to the compliance of vaccines,and the factors affecting vaccination compliance were statistically analyzed.Results:Among 2932 rabies vaccines,the exposure season was mainly in summer and autumn(53.5%in total),73.7%of vaccines came to the clinic on the day of exposure,and 74.4%had not previously received rabies vaccine.Wound exposure was grade Ⅱ in 85.6%,grade Ⅲ in 14.4%,and passive immunizing agents were used in 8.8%.Common injured animals were cats(62.2%),dogs(33.6%),and mostly stray animals(69.3%).1543(52.6%)vaccines completed the whole course of vaccination on time.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender,age,visit on the day of exposure,history of rabies vaccination,and type of injured animal were independent factors for rabies vaccination compliance in patients.(P<0.05).Conclusion:Male sex,older age,coming to the clinic on the day of exposure,history of rabies vaccination,and injured animals as dogs(compared with cats)are independent factors for improved compliance with rabies vaccination in patients.Effective methods to improve vaccination compliance are to fully popularize rabies related knowledge,effectively and diversified health education and optimize vaccination processes.

关 键 词：狂犬疫苗 依从性 临床特征 影响因素 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学] R512.99[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]